Sabatino and colleagues examine expanded CD8+ T cell clonotypes from a small cohort of multiple sclerosis patients. They identified several cognate peptide epitopes that derive from Epstein–Barr virus...

During recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) production, certain components of the manufacturing system can be encapsidated as unwanted nucleic acid contaminants. Prior work has established that t...

T cells initiate targeted immune responses using T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize specific antigens. Mapping TCRs to antigens at scale remains a m…

The rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian H5 influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b in U.S. cattle represents an urgent and evolving public health threat. Our findings reveal that pre-existing immunity, whether from seasonal H1N1 infection or live-attenuated vaccination, can confer substantial protection against lethal bovine- and feline-derived HPAI H5N1 viruses, even in the absence of strong cross-neutralizing antibody titers. By integrating T cell epitope mapping with mechanistic depletion studies, we demonstrate that conserved CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes across H1N1 and H5N1 strains underpin this cross-protection. Critically, loss of CD4 T cell help during primary H1N1 infection disrupts the development of cross-reactive antibody responses and markedly worsens outcomes after H5N1 challenge. These results identify memory T cell responses as important determinants of heterosubtypic immunity and highlight the need to incorporate T cell-focused metrics into risk assessment, vaccine evaluation, and preparedness strategies for emerging HPAI H5N1 viruses.

The 2026 Gordon Research Conference on Microbial Toxins and Pathogenicity will be held in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire. Apply today to reserve your spot.

Rhinoviruses are the most frequent cause of common colds and also a major cause of respiratory distress in high-risk groups. Using single-cell sequencing of rhinovirus-infected nasal epithelial organo...

"We are deeply alarmed by the actions taken this week by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The apparent goal of this meeting was to ...

TIRTL-seq is a high-throughput method for paired T cell receptor sequencing at the cohort scale.

Human T cell responses are often studied using blood, yet most T cells reside in tissues. By comparing T cell receptor repertoires from millions of T cells from autologous tonsils and blood, Sureshcha...

In this phase 1 trial, treatment of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma with a therapeutic peptide vaccine targeting the fusion kinase DNAJB1–PRKACA, which is the driver of the diseas...

TIRTL-seq is a high-throughput method for paired T cell receptor sequencing at the cohort scale.

New Fred Hutch Cancer Center viral immunologist Dr. Paul Thomas is working to turn the "incredible potential" of the immune system into real-life diagnostic and therapeutic applications. He studies ho...

Pediatric Research - Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a SARS-CoV-2 triggered Kawasaki disease

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a very common herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the general population. Epidemiologic data indicate that EBV is a requisite risk factor for the development of multi...

Persistent antigen stimulation promotes differentiation of exhausted CD8+ T (TEX) cells. TEX cells are distinct from circulating memory T (TCIRCM) cells but share many features with tissue-resident me...