For anyone who's never heard of orexin:
"Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite."
"There are 50,000–80,000 orexin-producing neurons in the human brain, located predominantly in the perifornical area and lateral hypothalamus."
(Wikipedia)
"Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite."
"There are 50,000–80,000 orexin-producing neurons in the human brain, located predominantly in the perifornical area and lateral hypothalamus."
(Wikipedia)
January 24, 2026 at 10:51 AM
For anyone who's never heard of orexin:
"Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite."
"There are 50,000–80,000 orexin-producing neurons in the human brain, located predominantly in the perifornical area and lateral hypothalamus."
(Wikipedia)
"Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite."
"There are 50,000–80,000 orexin-producing neurons in the human brain, located predominantly in the perifornical area and lateral hypothalamus."
(Wikipedia)
Researchers in South Korea found that SARS-CoV-2 selectively disrupts the brain’s orexin system, leading to lasting cortical neuron damage.
Boosting orexin levels reversed this effect, revealing a possible root of Long COVID fatigue and brain fog.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Boosting orexin levels reversed this effect, revealing a possible root of Long COVID fatigue and brain fog.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
www.biorxiv.org
January 24, 2026 at 5:30 AM
Researchers in South Korea found that SARS-CoV-2 selectively disrupts the brain’s orexin system, leading to lasting cortical neuron damage.
Boosting orexin levels reversed this effect, revealing a possible root of Long COVID fatigue and brain fog.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Boosting orexin levels reversed this effect, revealing a possible root of Long COVID fatigue and brain fog.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Disruption of the hypothalamic orexin system links SARS-CoV-2 infection to persistent cortical neuronal pathology https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701182v1
January 23, 2026 at 10:16 PM
Disruption of the hypothalamic orexin system links SARS-CoV-2 infection to persistent cortical neuronal pathology https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701182v1
Disruption of the hypothalamic orexin system links SARS-CoV-2 infection to persistent cortical neuronal pathology https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701182v1
January 23, 2026 at 10:16 PM
Disruption of the hypothalamic orexin system links SARS-CoV-2 infection to persistent cortical neuronal pathology https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701182v1
We investigated 7 antagonists in zebrafish for repression of hyperactivity induced by a temporal expression of orexin (hcrt). We also confirmed off-target effects in receptor knockouts and discovered that pre-existing/FDA-approved drugs reduce zebrafish locomotion not through the intended receptor.
January 21, 2026 at 2:47 PM
We investigated 7 antagonists in zebrafish for repression of hyperactivity induced by a temporal expression of orexin (hcrt). We also confirmed off-target effects in receptor knockouts and discovered that pre-existing/FDA-approved drugs reduce zebrafish locomotion not through the intended receptor.
REAL-M performs very well compared to virtual docking programs and AF3. Using REAL-M, we screened for antagonists of a conserved sleep receptor (GPCR HCRTR2). It is functionally conserved - ideal for a test case. HCRTR2 is activated by orexin A (OxA). Molecules were first tested using PRESTO-Tango.
January 21, 2026 at 2:47 PM
REAL-M performs very well compared to virtual docking programs and AF3. Using REAL-M, we screened for antagonists of a conserved sleep receptor (GPCR HCRTR2). It is functionally conserved - ideal for a test case. HCRTR2 is activated by orexin A (OxA). Molecules were first tested using PRESTO-Tango.
There’s a lot of really good research going on right now in orexin replacement, for both N1 and N2!
In the meantime though, we’ve just gotta keep managing how we can.
In the meantime though, we’ve just gotta keep managing how we can.
January 21, 2026 at 3:41 AM
There’s a lot of really good research going on right now in orexin replacement, for both N1 and N2!
In the meantime though, we’ve just gotta keep managing how we can.
In the meantime though, we’ve just gotta keep managing how we can.
In search for love, where love is some Oxytocin,seeking happiness related to Orexin. Sensations of glory, motivation and success, They are all some precious chemicals. Our mind is greedy, and falls into depression when he is no longer satisfied. LIFE IS A DRUG STORE WE ARE ALL JUNKIES.
January 20, 2026 at 1:00 PM
In search for love, where love is some Oxytocin,seeking happiness related to Orexin. Sensations of glory, motivation and success, They are all some precious chemicals. Our mind is greedy, and falls into depression when he is no longer satisfied. LIFE IS A DRUG STORE WE ARE ALL JUNKIES.
Orexin antagonists (DORAs) work differently and are FAR BETTER for EDS/MCAS/trauma:
www.painri.com/post/sleep-i...
www.painri.com/post/sleep-i...
Sleep in EDS, PoTS, MCAS
www.painri.com
January 19, 2026 at 5:06 PM
Orexin antagonists (DORAs) work differently and are FAR BETTER for EDS/MCAS/trauma:
www.painri.com/post/sleep-i...
www.painri.com/post/sleep-i...
Fuck Merck. Fuck the fucking red tape on their patient "assistance" program and fuck them for charging what they do for their orexin-antagonists for people WHO ARE DESPERATE TO GET SOME GODDAMNED SLEEP WITH A LIFELONG SLEEP DISORDER.
STILL trying to get this medication.
STILL trying to get this medication.
January 19, 2026 at 5:06 PM
Fuck Merck. Fuck the fucking red tape on their patient "assistance" program and fuck them for charging what they do for their orexin-antagonists for people WHO ARE DESPERATE TO GET SOME GODDAMNED SLEEP WITH A LIFELONG SLEEP DISORDER.
STILL trying to get this medication.
STILL trying to get this medication.
'Dysregulation'...
But I have now saved a list of scientific (often replicated) studies since 2023 showing (meaning visible) structural 'changes' in brainstem in #pwME/LC involving:
-precental gyrus
-choroid plexus
-HPA
-Orexin
-Periaqueductal gray (PAG)
1/2
But I have now saved a list of scientific (often replicated) studies since 2023 showing (meaning visible) structural 'changes' in brainstem in #pwME/LC involving:
-precental gyrus
-choroid plexus
-HPA
-Orexin
-Periaqueductal gray (PAG)
1/2
From Germany
Choroid plexus alterations in long COVID and their associations with IL-6
link.springer.com/article/10.1...
Screenshot from latest Science for ME weekly update
#LongCovid #COVIDBrain #NeuroPASC #PASC
Choroid plexus alterations in long COVID and their associations with IL-6
link.springer.com/article/10.1...
Screenshot from latest Science for ME weekly update
#LongCovid #COVIDBrain #NeuroPASC #PASC
January 19, 2026 at 1:47 PM
'Dysregulation'...
But I have now saved a list of scientific (often replicated) studies since 2023 showing (meaning visible) structural 'changes' in brainstem in #pwME/LC involving:
-precental gyrus
-choroid plexus
-HPA
-Orexin
-Periaqueductal gray (PAG)
1/2
But I have now saved a list of scientific (often replicated) studies since 2023 showing (meaning visible) structural 'changes' in brainstem in #pwME/LC involving:
-precental gyrus
-choroid plexus
-HPA
-Orexin
-Periaqueductal gray (PAG)
1/2
Your Pupils, Your Mind 👁️🧠
Pupil size isn’t just light reflex: it tracks “pupil-linked arousal” shaped by neuromodulators (NA, ACh, 5-HT, orexin). The piece argues pupils are a 1D readout of multidimensional brain states.
#Neuroscience #Arousal #Pupillometry #Orexin
www.cell.com/neuron/fullt...
Pupil size isn’t just light reflex: it tracks “pupil-linked arousal” shaped by neuromodulators (NA, ACh, 5-HT, orexin). The piece argues pupils are a 1D readout of multidimensional brain states.
#Neuroscience #Arousal #Pupillometry #Orexin
www.cell.com/neuron/fullt...
Neurobehavioral meaning of pupil size
Grujic et al. summarize the optical, neural, and behavioral consequences, as well
as mechanisms, of pupil-linked arousal. They incorporate novel findings and identify
gaps in the literature while prov...
www.cell.com
January 19, 2026 at 12:42 PM
Your Pupils, Your Mind 👁️🧠
Pupil size isn’t just light reflex: it tracks “pupil-linked arousal” shaped by neuromodulators (NA, ACh, 5-HT, orexin). The piece argues pupils are a 1D readout of multidimensional brain states.
#Neuroscience #Arousal #Pupillometry #Orexin
www.cell.com/neuron/fullt...
Pupil size isn’t just light reflex: it tracks “pupil-linked arousal” shaped by neuromodulators (NA, ACh, 5-HT, orexin). The piece argues pupils are a 1D readout of multidimensional brain states.
#Neuroscience #Arousal #Pupillometry #Orexin
www.cell.com/neuron/fullt...
Title: Physiology of orexin: from nutrient sensing to decision making
📅 Date: 19 January
🕓 Time: 16:00-17:00
📍 Location: Biochemistry Department, DCHB, 20-026, Seminar Room 1
The event is open to all and should be of interest to anyone working in or curious about neuroscience.
📅 Date: 19 January
🕓 Time: 16:00-17:00
📍 Location: Biochemistry Department, DCHB, 20-026, Seminar Room 1
The event is open to all and should be of interest to anyone working in or curious about neuroscience.
January 16, 2026 at 12:46 PM
Title: Physiology of orexin: from nutrient sensing to decision making
📅 Date: 19 January
🕓 Time: 16:00-17:00
📍 Location: Biochemistry Department, DCHB, 20-026, Seminar Room 1
The event is open to all and should be of interest to anyone working in or curious about neuroscience.
📅 Date: 19 January
🕓 Time: 16:00-17:00
📍 Location: Biochemistry Department, DCHB, 20-026, Seminar Room 1
The event is open to all and should be of interest to anyone working in or curious about neuroscience.
Next, Gary Aston-Jones of Rutgers posits orexin signal through its receptor HCRT1R in a VTA projecting pathway is a link between binge intake of illicit (cocaine) and naturalistic (HFD) appetitive substances.
January 14, 2026 at 2:48 PM
Next, Gary Aston-Jones of Rutgers posits orexin signal through its receptor HCRT1R in a VTA projecting pathway is a link between binge intake of illicit (cocaine) and naturalistic (HFD) appetitive substances.
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solriamfetol&oldid=1154141281
[6] https://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3473
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orexin-A&oldid=1123201613
[8] https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3878-07.2007
📷 Ilustrační obrázek: Canva
[6] https://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3473
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orexin-A&oldid=1123201613
[8] https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3878-07.2007
📷 Ilustrační obrázek: Canva
Systemic and Nasal Delivery of Orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) Reduces the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance in Nonhuman Primates
Hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) was administered to sleep-deprived (30–36 h) rhesus monkeys immediately preceding testing on a multi-image delayed match-to-sample (DMS) short-term memory task. The DMS task used multiple delays and stimulus images and effectively measures cognitive defects produced by slee...
doi.org
January 13, 2026 at 8:02 AM
Clinical Perspective: While offering clear mechanistic and safety advantages, the optimization of DORAs continues to evolve around pharmacokinetics and next-day tolerability.
Check more here: doi.org/10.1093/ijnp...
#SleepMedicine #Neuropharmacology #Insomnia #Orexin #DORA #Neurology #Psychiatry
Check more here: doi.org/10.1093/ijnp...
#SleepMedicine #Neuropharmacology #Insomnia #Orexin #DORA #Neurology #Psychiatry
Current and novel dual orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia: the emergence of vornorexant
Abstract. Insomnia is a serious public health concern. As the widely prescribed hypnotics that positively modulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor
doi.org
January 10, 2026 at 3:38 PM
Clinical Perspective: While offering clear mechanistic and safety advantages, the optimization of DORAs continues to evolve around pharmacokinetics and next-day tolerability.
Check more here: doi.org/10.1093/ijnp...
#SleepMedicine #Neuropharmacology #Insomnia #Orexin #DORA #Neurology #Psychiatry
Check more here: doi.org/10.1093/ijnp...
#SleepMedicine #Neuropharmacology #Insomnia #Orexin #DORA #Neurology #Psychiatry
The Orexin System: Understanding the Modern Insomnia Treatment
By pharmacologically targeting dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), this class of agents promotes sleep through a fundamentally different mechanism
DORAs ⬇️ the "wake drive" rather than inducing widespread neuronal inhibition
By pharmacologically targeting dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), this class of agents promotes sleep through a fundamentally different mechanism
DORAs ⬇️ the "wake drive" rather than inducing widespread neuronal inhibition
Current and novel dual orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia: the emergence of vornorexant
Abstract. Insomnia is a serious public health concern. As the widely prescribed hypnotics that positively modulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor
doi.org
January 10, 2026 at 3:38 PM
The Orexin System: Understanding the Modern Insomnia Treatment
By pharmacologically targeting dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), this class of agents promotes sleep through a fundamentally different mechanism
DORAs ⬇️ the "wake drive" rather than inducing widespread neuronal inhibition
By pharmacologically targeting dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), this class of agents promotes sleep through a fundamentally different mechanism
DORAs ⬇️ the "wake drive" rather than inducing widespread neuronal inhibition
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Orexin Explained Simply
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and orexin are key neurotransmitters that help the brain communicate efficiently.For more visit :- modamindfuels.com/neurotransmi...
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and orexin are key neurotransmitters that help the brain communicate efficiently.For more visit :- modamindfuels.com/neurotransmi...
Role of Neurotransmitters: Dopamine, Norepinephrine & Orexin - Modamindfuels
Learn how dopamine norepinephrine orexin work together to regulate wakefulness, focus, alertness, and cognitive performance in the brain.
modamindfuels.com
January 7, 2026 at 12:08 PM
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Orexin Explained Simply
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and orexin are key neurotransmitters that help the brain communicate efficiently.For more visit :- modamindfuels.com/neurotransmi...
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and orexin are key neurotransmitters that help the brain communicate efficiently.For more visit :- modamindfuels.com/neurotransmi...
One peptide system coordinates stress, vigilance, and behavior !🧠⚡🧬😮 Orexin integrates autonomic, endocrine, and learning circuits across species! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
#Neuroscience #OrexinSystem #StressAdaptation #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Read & rethink vigilance → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
#Neuroscience #OrexinSystem #StressAdaptation #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Read & rethink vigilance → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
January 6, 2026 at 8:54 AM
One peptide system coordinates stress, vigilance, and behavior !🧠⚡🧬😮 Orexin integrates autonomic, endocrine, and learning circuits across species! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
#Neuroscience #OrexinSystem #StressAdaptation #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Read & rethink vigilance → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
#Neuroscience #OrexinSystem #StressAdaptation #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Read & rethink vigilance → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
8 ) We suspect that something similar happened in the ME/CFS brains studied in the Netherlands Brain Bank. ME/CFS doesn’t include an autoimmune response against orexin neurons, but perhaps another process is having the same side-effect of silencing CRH neurons.
December 29, 2025 at 4:06 PM
8 ) We suspect that something similar happened in the ME/CFS brains studied in the Netherlands Brain Bank. ME/CFS doesn’t include an autoimmune response against orexin neurons, but perhaps another process is having the same side-effect of silencing CRH neurons.
6) It would be strange if the immune system attacked both orexin and CRH neurons. Further research clarified that the CRH cells likely still exist but have been reprogrammed epigenetically to no longer produce CRH.
Link to the study:
www.pnas.org/doi/10....
Link to the study:
www.pnas.org/doi/10....
December 29, 2025 at 4:06 PM
6) It would be strange if the immune system attacked both orexin and CRH neurons. Further research clarified that the CRH cells likely still exist but have been reprogrammed epigenetically to no longer produce CRH.
Link to the study:
www.pnas.org/doi/10....
Link to the study:
www.pnas.org/doi/10....
4) Something similar has been reported in type I narcolepsy, a rare autoimmune disease that targets orexin neurons. Due to a lack of orexin, these patients fall asleep uncontrollably during the day and suffer from sudden muscle weakness.
December 29, 2025 at 4:05 PM
4) Something similar has been reported in type I narcolepsy, a rare autoimmune disease that targets orexin neurons. Due to a lack of orexin, these patients fall asleep uncontrollably during the day and suffer from sudden muscle weakness.
Surprising truth: Your brain’s “alert mode” is chemically controlled! 🤯🧠🌙⚡😊
Orexin helps explain stress, fear, learning, and why sleep matters so much! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #BrainChemistry #StressResponse #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Explore the science → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
Orexin helps explain stress, fear, learning, and why sleep matters so much! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #BrainChemistry #StressResponse #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Explore the science → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
December 28, 2025 at 3:21 PM
Surprising truth: Your brain’s “alert mode” is chemically controlled! 🤯🧠🌙⚡😊
Orexin helps explain stress, fear, learning, and why sleep matters so much! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #BrainChemistry #StressResponse #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Explore the science → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
Orexin helps explain stress, fear, learning, and why sleep matters so much! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #BrainChemistry #StressResponse #SleepDisorders #Anxiety
Explore the science → doi.org/10.3390/biom...
Alcohol dependence disrupts orexin and dynorphin signaling in a stress-related brain region, suggesting new directions for developing targeted treatments for alcohol use disorder.
Disrupted brain balance in alcohol dependence involves two signaling pathways
A new study by Scripps Research reveals that alcohol dependence disrupts two signaling pathways in a stress-related part of the brain—and offers insights on developing drugs to treat this condition.
medicalxpress.com
December 22, 2025 at 8:53 PM
Alcohol dependence disrupts orexin and dynorphin signaling in a stress-related brain region, suggesting new directions for developing targeted treatments for alcohol use disorder.