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In South Carolina, more than 150 unvaccinated schoolkids are under quarantine after being exposed to measles. Across the U.S., total case counts could be even higher than the official number.

Biodiversity enhancement by crop rotation has been identified to promote soil health and crop productivity without external agricultural inputs. However, the overall magnitude of crop rotation effects on soil microbiome worldwide remains unclear. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 1490 bacterial and 757 fungal original sequencing samples from rotation management systems (crop rotation vs. continuous cropping) to assess general impacts of crop rotation on soil microbial community alpha diversity, network complexity, and functionality. We found that crop rotation did not affect bacterial but significantly increased fungal richness by 25.35 % and Shannon diversity by 8.48 % compared with continuous cropping. Crop rotation significantly altered microbial community composition, increasing the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota and Pezizomycetes, while decreasing Planctomycetes, Patescibacteria, Chloroflexi, Leotiomycetes, Basidiomycota, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Chytridiomycota. In addition, crop rotation resulted in more complex and stable bacterial and fungal networks. Functional annotation analysis showed that crop rotation substantially enriched microbes involved in soil nitrogen cycling (ammonification, nitrification and denitrification) and metabolic functional groups (amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism), while depleting pathogens. Collectively, our study provided a general pattern of the impact of crop rotation on the soil microbiome, underscoring its significance as a critical pathway for enhancing microbial network complexity and functionality, and mitigating pathogen threats, which are essential for sustainable development of agroecosystems.

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Highly religious Americans tend to be Republican, while less religious adults lean Democratic. But this varies somewhat by race and ethnicity. Religious Landscape Study by Pew Research Center.