Ian Hall
@ianhall.bsky.social
Climate scientist, palaeoclimatologist, marine geologist and ageing marathon runner. Prof. @ Cardiff University, views are my own, #FirstGen, He/Him 🏴🇪🇺
🌊 Observed large-scale and deep-reaching compound ocean state changes over the past 60 years
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Observed large-scale and deep-reaching compound ocean state changes over the past 60 years - Nature Climate Change
It is important to understand the combined effects of multiple changes on the ocean. Here the authors use time of emergence to highlight the increases in impacts of individual and compound changes glo...
www.nature.com
November 27, 2025 at 5:39 AM
🌊 Observed large-scale and deep-reaching compound ocean state changes over the past 60 years
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
🌊 Marine researchers find biggest source of microplastics in our ocean is vehicle tyres
www.rnz.co.nz/news/nationa...
www.rnz.co.nz/news/nationa...
Marine researchers find biggest source of microplastics in our ocean is vehicle tyres
It was found broken down tyres were the largest source of microplastics in New Zealand's coastal waters.
www.rnz.co.nz
November 26, 2025 at 9:34 PM
🌊 Marine researchers find biggest source of microplastics in our ocean is vehicle tyres
www.rnz.co.nz/news/nationa...
www.rnz.co.nz/news/nationa...
Something to remember on budget day…
Brexit is now costing the UK up to £90bn a year in lost tax revenue — £3,700 for each and every one of us.
The gift that keeps on NOT giving.
www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/poli...
Brexit is now costing the UK up to £90bn a year in lost tax revenue — £3,700 for each and every one of us.
The gift that keeps on NOT giving.
www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/poli...
Brexit costing UK up to £90bn in lost tax revenue , new analysis shows
Exclusive: Britons also up to £3,700 worse off, leading to calls for the Labour government to improve relations with the EU
www.independent.co.uk
November 26, 2025 at 7:23 AM
Something to remember on budget day…
Brexit is now costing the UK up to £90bn a year in lost tax revenue — £3,700 for each and every one of us.
The gift that keeps on NOT giving.
www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/poli...
Brexit is now costing the UK up to £90bn a year in lost tax revenue — £3,700 for each and every one of us.
The gift that keeps on NOT giving.
www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/poli...
🌊 Volcanic bubbles in Papua New Guinea a window into coral’s future
oceanographicmagazine.com/news/papua-n...
oceanographicmagazine.com/news/papua-n...
Volcanic bubbles in Papua New Guinea a window into coral’s future - Oceanographic
Natural CO₂ seeps in Papua New Guinea reveal how rising emissions may reshape reefs by 2100, leading to fewer corals and more fleshy algae.
oceanographicmagazine.com
November 26, 2025 at 6:54 AM
🌊 Volcanic bubbles in Papua New Guinea a window into coral’s future
oceanographicmagazine.com/news/papua-n...
oceanographicmagazine.com/news/papua-n...
UK ‘dangerously unprepared’ for growing threat of climate change as 2025 wildfires break records
www.euronews.com/green/2025/1...
www.euronews.com/green/2025/1...
UK wildfires hit a record high. Where does the rest of Europe stand?
It is estimated that wildfires have ravaged more than 46,000 hectares this year in the UK, the largest area since monitoring began.
www.euronews.com
November 26, 2025 at 6:49 AM
UK ‘dangerously unprepared’ for growing threat of climate change as 2025 wildfires break records
www.euronews.com/green/2025/1...
www.euronews.com/green/2025/1...
🌊 Ocean's upper 1,000 meters undergoing unprecedented, deep-reaching compound change
Simultaneously warming, becoming saltier or fresher, losing oxygen, and acidifying are clear indicators of climate change pushing marine environments into uncharted territory
phys.org/news/2025-11...
Simultaneously warming, becoming saltier or fresher, losing oxygen, and acidifying are clear indicators of climate change pushing marine environments into uncharted territory
phys.org/news/2025-11...
Ocean's upper 1,000 meters undergoing unprecedented, deep-reaching compound change
Earth's ocean, the planet's life-support system, is experiencing rapid and widespread transformations that extend far below its surface. A promising international study published in Nature Climate Cha...
phys.org
November 25, 2025 at 8:45 PM
🌊 Ocean's upper 1,000 meters undergoing unprecedented, deep-reaching compound change
Simultaneously warming, becoming saltier or fresher, losing oxygen, and acidifying are clear indicators of climate change pushing marine environments into uncharted territory
phys.org/news/2025-11...
Simultaneously warming, becoming saltier or fresher, losing oxygen, and acidifying are clear indicators of climate change pushing marine environments into uncharted territory
phys.org/news/2025-11...
Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO2 fertilisation effect in Earth system models
...meaning models may overestimate future plant carbon uptake as CO2 rises
Better nitrogen modelling = better climate predictions
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
...meaning models may overestimate future plant carbon uptake as CO2 rises
Better nitrogen modelling = better climate predictions
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO2 fertilization effect in Earth system models | PNAS
CO2 fertilization of the terrestrial biosphere is limited by nitrogen. Biological
nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the dominant natural nitrogen source t...
www.pnas.org
November 25, 2025 at 8:40 PM
Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO2 fertilisation effect in Earth system models
...meaning models may overestimate future plant carbon uptake as CO2 rises
Better nitrogen modelling = better climate predictions
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
...meaning models may overestimate future plant carbon uptake as CO2 rises
Better nitrogen modelling = better climate predictions
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
Scientists warn mountain climate change is accelerating faster than predicted, putting billions of people at risk
👉 Temps are warming 0.21°C per century faster than in the lowlands
👉 Precipitation and snow are more unpredictable, with a significant change from snow to rain
phys.org/news/2025-11...
👉 Temps are warming 0.21°C per century faster than in the lowlands
👉 Precipitation and snow are more unpredictable, with a significant change from snow to rain
phys.org/news/2025-11...
Scientists warn mountain climate change is accelerating faster than predicted, putting billions of people at risk
Mountains worldwide are experiencing climate change more intensely than lowland areas, with potentially devastating consequences for billions of people who live in and/or depend on these regions, acco...
phys.org
November 25, 2025 at 8:30 PM
Scientists warn mountain climate change is accelerating faster than predicted, putting billions of people at risk
👉 Temps are warming 0.21°C per century faster than in the lowlands
👉 Precipitation and snow are more unpredictable, with a significant change from snow to rain
phys.org/news/2025-11...
👉 Temps are warming 0.21°C per century faster than in the lowlands
👉 Precipitation and snow are more unpredictable, with a significant change from snow to rain
phys.org/news/2025-11...
Sea level doesn’t rise at the same rate everywhere – we mapped where Antarctica’s ice melt would have the biggest impact
Well worth a read...
theconversation.com/sea-level-do...
Well worth a read...
theconversation.com/sea-level-do...
Sea level doesn’t rise at the same rate everywhere – we mapped where Antarctica’s ice melt would have the biggest impact
Understanding what happens to Antarctica’s ice matters, because as it melts, sea levels rise, affecting lives and economies around the world.
theconversation.com
November 25, 2025 at 3:58 PM
Sea level doesn’t rise at the same rate everywhere – we mapped where Antarctica’s ice melt would have the biggest impact
Well worth a read...
theconversation.com/sea-level-do...
Well worth a read...
theconversation.com/sea-level-do...
Here's what's next in the fight to curb climate change, now that talks in Brazil have ended
www.independent.co.uk/news/amazon-...
www.independent.co.uk/news/amazon-...
Here's what's next in the fight to curb climate change, now that talks in Brazil have ended
Experts have mixed reactions to the recent U.N. climate talks in the Amazon
www.independent.co.uk
November 25, 2025 at 5:57 AM
Here's what's next in the fight to curb climate change, now that talks in Brazil have ended
www.independent.co.uk/news/amazon-...
www.independent.co.uk/news/amazon-...
Zombie fires: how Arctic wildfires that come back to life are ravaging forests
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
Zombie fires: how Arctic wildfires that come back to life are ravaging forests
Blazes that smoulder in the permafrost, only to reignite, are extending fire season though winter, leaving vegetation struggling to recover
www.theguardian.com
November 24, 2025 at 12:11 PM
Zombie fires: how Arctic wildfires that come back to life are ravaging forests
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
Extreme day-to-day temperature swings are becoming more frequent and intense due to Global warming, impacting human health, ecosystems, and resilience.
By 2100, these changes could increase by 17%, affecting 80% of the global population.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
By 2100, these changes could increase by 17%, affecting 80% of the global population.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Global warming intensifies extreme day-to-day temperature changes in mid–low latitudes - Nature Climate Change
Climate change is expected to lead to higher day-to-day temperature variability in mid- to low latitudes. Here the authors show that extreme day-to-day temperature changes have distinct impacts on hum...
www.nature.com
November 24, 2025 at 5:44 AM
Extreme day-to-day temperature swings are becoming more frequent and intense due to Global warming, impacting human health, ecosystems, and resilience.
By 2100, these changes could increase by 17%, affecting 80% of the global population.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
By 2100, these changes could increase by 17%, affecting 80% of the global population.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Reposted by Ian Hall
We had only recently passed 350 ppm when I started my PhD in Earth System Science, already a value understood to be dangerous and a threat to society.
And now, 33 years and 30 COPs later, we are at a value that is unprecedented for the past 3 million years and maybe even the past 8 million years.
And now, 33 years and 30 COPs later, we are at a value that is unprecedented for the past 3 million years and maybe even the past 8 million years.
425.82 parts per million (ppm) CO2 in air 20-Nov-2025
keelingcurve.ucsd.edu
keelingcurve.ucsd.edu
The Keeling Curve
The Keeling Curve is a daily record of global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration maintained by Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego.
keelingcurve.ucsd.edu
November 23, 2025 at 7:54 AM
We had only recently passed 350 ppm when I started my PhD in Earth System Science, already a value understood to be dangerous and a threat to society.
And now, 33 years and 30 COPs later, we are at a value that is unprecedented for the past 3 million years and maybe even the past 8 million years.
And now, 33 years and 30 COPs later, we are at a value that is unprecedented for the past 3 million years and maybe even the past 8 million years.
Satellites, AI, and cash: US pulls back on climate research, private companies swoop in, and climate data becomes a commodity
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
www.reuters.com
November 23, 2025 at 6:04 AM
Satellites, AI, and cash: US pulls back on climate research, private companies swoop in, and climate data becomes a commodity
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
Division defines COP30: no fossil-fuel progress, Brazil under fire, the EU outplayed, trade battles brewing, and China emerging on top.
The so called “COP of truth” shows just how fragile climate unity has become…
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
The so called “COP of truth” shows just how fragile climate unity has become…
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
COP30 - Five key takeaways from a deeply divisive climate summit
What did we learn from a climate summit that ended in a deal with no new mention of fossil fuels?
www.bbc.co.uk
November 23, 2025 at 5:54 AM
Division defines COP30: no fossil-fuel progress, Brazil under fire, the EU outplayed, trade battles brewing, and China emerging on top.
The so called “COP of truth” shows just how fragile climate unity has become…
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
The so called “COP of truth” shows just how fragile climate unity has become…
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
COP30 showed who’s really steering climate policy: not the EU, not the US — but a coalition of fossil states on one side and a solar-powered China on the other
November 23, 2025 at 5:46 AM
COP30 showed who’s really steering climate policy: not the EU, not the US — but a coalition of fossil states on one side and a solar-powered China on the other
We’re heading into climate overshoot…
1.5 °C will be breached, tipping points loom, and the window for action is closing fast.
But the future isn’t fixed; rapid fossil phase-out, carbon removal, and restoring nature now can still pull us back from the brink.
theconversation.com/the-world-lo...
1.5 °C will be breached, tipping points loom, and the window for action is closing fast.
But the future isn’t fixed; rapid fossil phase-out, carbon removal, and restoring nature now can still pull us back from the brink.
theconversation.com/the-world-lo...
The world lost the climate gamble. Now it faces a dangerous new reality
The world bet on collective but voluntary action to keep global warming at a safe level.
theconversation.com
November 22, 2025 at 12:54 PM
We’re heading into climate overshoot…
1.5 °C will be breached, tipping points loom, and the window for action is closing fast.
But the future isn’t fixed; rapid fossil phase-out, carbon removal, and restoring nature now can still pull us back from the brink.
theconversation.com/the-world-lo...
1.5 °C will be breached, tipping points loom, and the window for action is closing fast.
But the future isn’t fixed; rapid fossil phase-out, carbon removal, and restoring nature now can still pull us back from the brink.
theconversation.com/the-world-lo...
'A lot of fighting': Fossil fuel row breaks out at UN climate summit COP30
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
COP30: UN climate summit drops mention of fossil fuels from draft deal
A row over fossil fuels has broken out at COP30 but this is also likely to be a negotiating tactic.
www.bbc.co.uk
November 21, 2025 at 8:36 PM
'A lot of fighting': Fossil fuel row breaks out at UN climate summit COP30
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
Cop30 delegates ‘far apart’ on phasing out fossil fuels and cutting carbon
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
Cop30 delegates ‘far apart’ on phasing out fossil fuels and cutting carbon
President of talks urges ministers and high-ranking officials to find common ground as conference nears its end
www.theguardian.com
November 21, 2025 at 8:33 PM
Cop30 delegates ‘far apart’ on phasing out fossil fuels and cutting carbon
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
www.theguardian.com/environment/...
Another climate conundrum:
Synthetic biology could cut billions of tonnes of CO2, but it also means releasing engineered microbes into the world.
Game-changer or gamble?
How comfortable are you…
theconversation.com/engineered-m...
Synthetic biology could cut billions of tonnes of CO2, but it also means releasing engineered microbes into the world.
Game-changer or gamble?
How comfortable are you…
theconversation.com/engineered-m...
Engineered microbes could tackle climate change – if we ensure it’s done safely
Engineering microbes to soak up more carbon, boost crop yields and restore former farmland is appealing. But synthetic biology fixes must be done thoughtfully
theconversation.com
November 21, 2025 at 7:47 PM
Another climate conundrum:
Synthetic biology could cut billions of tonnes of CO2, but it also means releasing engineered microbes into the world.
Game-changer or gamble?
How comfortable are you…
theconversation.com/engineered-m...
Synthetic biology could cut billions of tonnes of CO2, but it also means releasing engineered microbes into the world.
Game-changer or gamble?
How comfortable are you…
theconversation.com/engineered-m...
🌊 Ocean submesoscales as drivers of submarine melting within Antarctic ice cavities
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Ocean submesoscales as drivers of submarine melting within Antarctic ice cavities - Nature Geoscience
Submesoscale ocean features deliver heat beneath Thwaites Ice Shelf and contribute to submarine melting, according to numerical modelling combined with available observations.
www.nature.com
November 21, 2025 at 7:55 AM
🌊 Ocean submesoscales as drivers of submarine melting within Antarctic ice cavities
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
If a 2003-style heatwave hit Europe today, at ~1.5°C warming, it could cause ~18k deaths in a week, rising to ~32k at 3°C.
Even with current adaptation, extreme-heat mass-mortality events remain plausible.
Every 0.1°C of warming matters....
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Even with current adaptation, extreme-heat mass-mortality events remain plausible.
Every 0.1°C of warming matters....
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Increasing risk of mass human heat mortality if historical weather patterns recur - Nature Climate Change
The authors couple calculations of historical heatwave intensity at present and future global temperatures with exposure–response functions to quantify mortality from extreme heat events in Europe. Th...
www.nature.com
November 19, 2025 at 7:59 AM
If a 2003-style heatwave hit Europe today, at ~1.5°C warming, it could cause ~18k deaths in a week, rising to ~32k at 3°C.
Even with current adaptation, extreme-heat mass-mortality events remain plausible.
Every 0.1°C of warming matters....
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Even with current adaptation, extreme-heat mass-mortality events remain plausible.
Every 0.1°C of warming matters....
www.nature.com/articles/s41...