Michael P. Grosz
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mp-grosz.bsky.social
Michael P. Grosz
@mp-grosz.bsky.social
1.2K followers 650 following 38 posts
Professor of Psychological Assessment at HMU Health & Medical University Potsdam (Germany). Research interests: personality, social status & causal inference
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mp-grosz.bsky.social
Michael P. Grosz @mp-grosz.bsky.social · Apr 17
I’m excited to share my new preprint entitled “The Big Five Personality Traits are Composites Rather Than Common Causes”: osf.io/6ukqb_v1. 😀
The Big Five personality traits are among the most frequently measured psychological traits. They are often treated as common causes of the Big Five items in reflective measurement models such as factor analysis models and item response theory models. For example, extraversion items are modeled as reflective indicators influenced by the latent variable extraversion. However, the reflective measurement model’s assumption of unidimensionality is implausible because the Big Five do not correspond to five biological, environmental, or mental entities that could serve as common causes. The reflective model’s assumption of local independence is also implausible due to direct causal effects, semantic overlap, and logical consistencies among the Big Five items. Despite the implausibility of a reflective model, researchers continue to use methods and theories that implicitly or explicitly assume a reflective measurement model. As an alternative, I propose a composite-formative measurement model. A shift from a reflective to a composite-formative model implies that researchers should use composite-formative rather than reflective measurement models in structural equation models. Additionally, item retest reliabilities rather than Cronbach’s alpha or McDonald’s omega should be used to estimate reliability. The composite-formative model for the Big Five is as useful as the reflective measurement model for description and prediction. However, other predictive approaches are more accurate, and the Big Five composites are hardly useful for investigating causal effects. Overall, the composite-formative model overcomes the implausibility of the assumptions of the reflective measurement model while enabling personality researchers to continue to use the Big Five for descriptive research purposes.
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
dingdingpeng.the100.ci
Das Kriminologische Forschungsinstitut Niedersachen oranisiert eine Tagung zu Kausalanalyse in der kriminologischen Forschung -- 8. und 9. Dezember in Hannover, Teilnahme kostenfrei!

kfn.de/veranstaltun...
Einladung zur KGN-Methoden Lab Herbst-/Wintertagung 2025 Zwischen Theorie und Evidenz: Kausalanalyse in der kriminologischen Forschung
September 17, 2025 at 7:44 AM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
Machiavellianism scales often miss key facets across affect, behavior, cognition, and desire. Our new paper in @collabrapsychology.bsky.social introduces the M4 scale, built with Ant Colony Optimization to capture Mach more comprehensively. It is freely available here: doi.org/10.1525/coll...
Assessing the ABCDs of Machiavellianism: Development and Validation of the M4 Scale Using Ant Colony Optimization
Machiavellianism (Mach) is a personality trait characterized by cold rationality, cynicism, duplicity, and the strategic and egotistical pursuit of goals. Despite recent advances in the measurement of...
doi.org
August 22, 2025 at 9:13 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
collabrapsychology.bsky.social
Assessing the ABCDs of Machiavellianism: Development and Validation of the M4 Scale Using Ant Colony Optimization, from @mp-grosz.bsky.social et al. doi.org/10.1525/coll...
Assessing the ABCDs of Machiavellianism: Development and Validation of the M4 Scale Using Ant Colony Optimization
Machiavellianism (Mach) is a personality trait characterized by cold rationality, cynicism, duplicity, and the strategic and egotistical pursuit of goals. Despite recent advances in the measurement of...
doi.org
August 22, 2025 at 5:11 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
scientificdiscovery.dev
New article by me!

Cardiovascular disease mortality rates have declined by around three-quarters since 1950, but we rarely hear about it.

I explore some of the reasons behind the decline.
ourworldindata.org/cardiovascul...
This image depicts a line graph showing cardiovascular mortality rates in the United States from 1933 to 2023, alongside key advancements in medicine, surgery, and public health. The y-axis represents age-standardized death rates from cardiovascular disease, ranging from 0 to 600. The x-axis represents years from 1933 to 2023. The graph starts at around 600 deaths per 100,000 people in 1933 and trends downward sharply over the decades, indicating a significant decline in mortality rates. Key advancements are marked along the timeline, including the introduction of the first heart-lung machine in 1953, the first cardiac CT scan in 1977, and the first 3D-printed heart models in 2012. Footnote information states that data begins in 1933 when all U.S. states started reporting cardiovascular mortality rates, sourced from the National Center for Heart Statistics in 2020 and the CDC Wonder in 2025. The chart is published by Saloni Dattani at Our World in Data.
August 4, 2025 at 12:52 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
drlynnchiu.bsky.social
APART-USA @oeaw.bsky.social program available for outstanding #postdocs working at US research institutions to relocate their research activities to Austria. 25 fellowships distributed across Austrian research institutions, Sept 15 deadline, by nomination stipendien.oeaw.ac.at/en/fellowshi...
July 10, 2025 at 1:16 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
dingdingpeng.the100.ci
This one is quite fascinating because it’s a very explicit attempt at methods harm reduction — people keep doing the shoddiest mediation analyses despite repeated criticism; let’s rebrand it as associational variable analysis to provide a more accurate label.
aidangcw.bsky.social Aidan Wright @aidangcw.bsky.social · Jul 4
On this July 4, liberate the field from cross-sectional “mediation analysis” - check out this new paper discussing an alternative. I bet it’s an instant classic. My sense is that folks continue bad practices bc they don’t know what else to do. This solves that

psycnet.apa.org/record/2026-...
APA PsycNet
psycnet.apa.org
July 5, 2025 at 7:15 AM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
Our paper about the GIPO data has now been officially published at Personality Science.

The paper is freely available at journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...
In the Group Interaction and Perception of Others (GIPO) project, we collected data (N = 1460) containing a large number of self- and informant-reported personality items and incentivized measures of prosocial and cheating behavior. Many participants (N = 699) also attended a laboratory session in which they interacted in groups of 7–9 individuals in two modified versions of the public goods game with punishment. During and after the public goods games, participants reported their perceptions, expectations, and evaluations of each other through round-robin ratings. Due to the extensive assessments of personality and incentivized social behavior included in the GIPO data, these data are suitable for investigating the links between personality traits and prosocial and cheating behavior. Furthermore, they can be analyzed to gain a fine-grained picture of the perceptions, expectations, and evaluations that precede or follow behavior in economic games. Finally, researchers might want to use the GIPO data to investigate the psychometric properties and in particular the validity of the personality measures we used. To facilitate use of the data, we made the anonymized GIPO data publicly available. Taken together, the GIPO data are a publicly available rich resource for investigating the links between personality and incentivized social behavior.
July 3, 2025 at 9:12 AM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
❕NEW PAPER❕

We developed the M4, a reliable & valid Machiavellianism scale capturing affective, behavioral, cognitive, and motivational aspects of Mach.

Link: osf.io/preprints/ps...
Machiavellianism (Mach) is a personality trait characterized by cold rationality, cynicism, duplicity, and the strategic and egotistical pursuit of goals. Despite recent advances in the measurement of Mach, most Mach scales show limited content validity because they have not systematically integrated recurring Mach themes in the areas of affect (A), behavior (B), cognition (C), and desire (D). To overcome this and other issues, we developed a new Mach scale, the M4. We created the M4 by using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to select 16 items from a pool of 92 newly generated and expert-rated Mach items. In two studies with German-speaking participants (N1 = 765; N2 = 1,288), the M4 total score showed high reliability and high convergent validity with established Mach scales and M4 informant reports. Furthermore, the nomological network of the M4 aligned in several respects with the theoretical conceptualization of Mach. However, some unexpected associations suggested the need to refine the conceptualization of Mach regarding its relationship with certain forms of impulsivity and neuroticism. Commonality analyses further indicated that the M4 predicted incentivized cheating behavior better than five other recently developed Mach measures. Hence, the M4 holds promise for advancing the assessment of Mach.
June 25, 2025 at 12:12 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
tedmond.bsky.social
Extremely excited to share the first effort of the Revived Genomics of Personality Consortium: A highly-powered, comprehensive GWAS of the Big Five personality traits in 1.14 million participants from 46 cohorts. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
May 20, 2025 at 10:14 AM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
📊 NEW PAPER 📊

Our manuscript about the GIPO dataset (N = 1,460) is now accepted at Personality Science! 🎉

The freely available dataset includes measures of personality and prosocial & cheating behavior.

📄 You can find the accepted manuscript here: osf.io/preprints/ps...

bsky.app/profile/mp-g...
May 19, 2025 at 3:20 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
fdabl.bsky.social
🚨 New preprint! 🚨

Using nationally representative survey data from 142 countries (N = 128,093), I find that people who have experienced a climate-related hazard are more likely to consider climate change a 𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵. 🧵

Link: osf.io/preprints/ps...
May 8, 2025 at 9:03 AM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
nadirafaber.bsky.social
🚨 JOB! Full professorship (W3) in Personality Psychology / Interindividual Differences & Psychological Assessment at Uni Bremen. I hold the "sister professorship" is social psych & very much recommend this post. Please apply, share widely & don't hestiate to ask me! www.uni-bremen.de/en/universit...
Job Vacancies - Universität Bremen
Offene Stellen
www.uni-bremen.de
April 28, 2025 at 8:37 AM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
marlephie.bsky.social
📣 Are you a psychologist with an interest and passion for #ScienceCommunication research and/or practice in Germany? Join our newly founded DGPs interest group #PsyComm! 📣
April 28, 2025 at 9:20 AM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
This paper on tailored cutoffs for fit indices in SEM is great. Their simulation-cum-ROC approach is not only more informative but also more flexibly applicable (e.g., works also for second-order models and WLSMV) than other methods for finding tailored cutoffs. link.springer.com/article/10.3...
The simulation-cum-ROC approach: A new approach to generate tailored cutoffs for fit indices through simulation and ROC analysis - Behavior Research Methods
To evaluate model fit in structural equation modeling, researchers commonly compare fit indices against fixed cutoff values (e.g., CFI ≥ .950). However, methodologists have cautioned against overgener...
link.springer.com
April 23, 2025 at 5:51 AM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
I’m excited to share my new preprint entitled “The Big Five Personality Traits are Composites Rather Than Common Causes”: osf.io/6ukqb_v1. 😀
The Big Five personality traits are among the most frequently measured psychological traits. They are often treated as common causes of the Big Five items in reflective measurement models such as factor analysis models and item response theory models. For example, extraversion items are modeled as reflective indicators influenced by the latent variable extraversion. However, the reflective measurement model’s assumption of unidimensionality is implausible because the Big Five do not correspond to five biological, environmental, or mental entities that could serve as common causes. The reflective model’s assumption of local independence is also implausible due to direct causal effects, semantic overlap, and logical consistencies among the Big Five items. Despite the implausibility of a reflective model, researchers continue to use methods and theories that implicitly or explicitly assume a reflective measurement model. As an alternative, I propose a composite-formative measurement model. A shift from a reflective to a composite-formative model implies that researchers should use composite-formative rather than reflective measurement models in structural equation models. Additionally, item retest reliabilities rather than Cronbach’s alpha or McDonald’s omega should be used to estimate reliability. The composite-formative model for the Big Five is as useful as the reflective measurement model for description and prediction. However, other predictive approaches are more accurate, and the Big Five composites are hardly useful for investigating causal effects. Overall, the composite-formative model overcomes the implausibility of the assumptions of the reflective measurement model while enabling personality researchers to continue to use the Big Five for descriptive research purposes.
April 17, 2025 at 12:29 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
talyarkoni.com
if you're a PhD student or postdoc working at the interface of personality psychology and CS/ML (construed broadly on both sides), and are interested in doing a full-time, remote, 3 - 6 month internship/residency at MidJourney, please DM me some kind of resume or CV-like thing
April 15, 2025 at 7:04 PM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
This might be a serious problem for nonexperimental research on personality change because personality might influence whether someone participates in a (panel) study or not
pwgtennant.bsky.social Peter Tennant @pwgtennant.bsky.social · Apr 15
You have conditioned on your outcome (Y) by conditioning on a descendent of your outcome (Z). This is known as type 4 overadjustment bias (see: journals.lww.com/epidem/fullt...).

This introduces dependencies between all causes of the outcome, thus opening backdoor biasing paths (e.g X<>Uy>Y).
Revisiting Overadjustment Bias : Epidemiology
An abstract is unavailable.
journals.lww.com
April 15, 2025 at 12:56 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
robert-m-ross.bsky.social
Have you every found yourself wondering whether the most widely used measures of social cognitive ability measure what they are supposed to measure?
April 1, 2025 at 5:10 AM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
ruben.the100.ci
Want to make nice graphs with me, starting this summer? I am hiring for two PhD positions at the University of Witten/Herdecke.
Treemap chart showing the fragmented landscape of psychological measures.
March 18, 2025 at 3:31 PM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
7 years ago, I received funding for a project on personality, incentivized prosocial behavior & social status in groups. Today, we've made the anonymized data publicly available. Researchers can now use it by citing the preprint/paper (no need to add anyone as a coauthor): doi.org/10.31234/osf...
In the Group Interaction and Perception of Others (GIPO) project, we collected data (N = 1,460) containing a large number of self- and informant-reported personality items and incentivized measures of prosocial and cheating behavior. Many participants (N = 699) also attended a laboratory session in which they interacted in groups of 7-9 individuals in two modified versions of the public goods game with punishment. During and after the public goods games, participants reported their perceptions, expectations, and evaluations of each other through round-robin ratings. Due to the extensive assessments of personality and incentivized social behavior included in the GIPO data, these data are suitable for investigating the links between personality traits and prosocial and cheating behavior. Furthermore, they can be analyzed to gain a fine-grained picture of the perceptions, expectations, and evaluations that precede or follow behavior in economic games. Finally, researchers might want to use the GIPO data to investigate the psychometric properties and in particular the validity of the personality measures we used. To facilitate use of the data, we made the anonymized GIPO data publicly available. Taken together, the GIPO data are a publicly available rich resource for investigating the links between personality and incentivized social behavior. Keywords: personality assessment, game theory, social dilemmas, social status, influence, likeability, trust, group dynamics
March 15, 2025 at 12:54 PM
mp-grosz.bsky.social
We have a freshly accepted manuscript about the influence of socially desireable responding on personality self-reports. Participants (N = 231) took the BFI-2 twice, first honestly and then with faking-good instructions in a job or dating context. Link to the preprint: osf.io/preprints/ps...
Socially desirable responding can impair the validity of self-report questionnaires, especially in high-stakes situations in which people are incentivized to manage the impression they make on others. The current experiment examined the context dependency of impression management. Participants (N = 231) completed the Big Five Inventory-2 twice, first honestly and then with faking-good instructions in a job or dating context. Socially desirable responding was present in both contexts but was more pronounced in the job context than in the dating context for many (but not all) Big Five domains and facets. Future research should investigate whether faking behavior differs across contexts not only under faking-good instructions but also in high-stakes situations (e.g., personnel selection or online dating).
February 28, 2025 at 11:33 AM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
nickchk.com
After a long wait, the working paper for the Many-Economists Project: The Sources of Researcher Variation in Economics. We had 146 teams perform the same research three times, each time with less freedom. What source of freedom leads to different choices and results? papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
The Sources of Researcher Variation in Economics
We use a rigorous three-stage many-analysts design to assess how different researcher decisions—specifically data cleaning, research design, and the interpretat
papers.ssrn.com
February 25, 2025 at 7:17 PM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
dominikdeffner.bsky.social
In case you need another reason to apply:

There are eagle-owls nesting in the towers of Marburg's 13th-century Gothic church and you can observe (and hear) them almost every day at dawn 😱
February 25, 2025 at 7:29 AM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
giovannimellace.bsky.social
We’re looking for a motivated researcher to apply for a Marie Skłodowska-Curie postdoc with our Econometrics & Data Science group at SDU!

Focus: Causal Inference, Machine Learning, Big Data
Full support for promising projects

More info & apply:
www.sdu.dk/en/om-sdu/in...
Econometrics and Data Science
www.sdu.dk
January 30, 2025 at 7:43 AM
Reposted by Michael P. Grosz
mdkraemer.bsky.social
I talked to Özge Fischer-Baum from @psychscience.bsky.social about our recent paper on informal caregivers‘ wellbeing! Their podcast Under the Cortex is a really fun format 😊 www.psychologicalscience.org/news/utc-202...
The Hidden Cost of Caregiving: Stress, Anxiety, and Coping Mechanisms
Podcast: Under the Cortex features Michael Kramer from the University of Zurich to discuss how, as individuals step up to provide care for loved ones in need, they face their own mental health challen...
www.psychologicalscience.org
January 27, 2025 at 7:24 PM