An intriguing feature of many bacterial membranes is their prevalence of non-bilayer-forming lipids, such as the cone-shaped phosphatidylethanolamines and cardiolipins. Many membrane-active antimicrob...

Enzymes are critical biological catalysts involved in maintaining the intricate balance of metabolic processes within living organisms. Mutations in enzymes can result in disruptions to their function...

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is an enzyme that oxidizes pollutants from wastewater. A previous report indicated that peroxidases can have an enhancement in initial enzymatic activity in an aqueous sol...

Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations have become an essential tool in computational chemistry, particularly for analyzing compl

Human polymerases are vital for genetic information management. Their function involves catalyzing the synthesis of DNA strands with unparalleled accuracy, which ensures the fidelity and stability of ...

If you take a coin out of an ice bath, it warms up over time. Likewise, a hot coin that you have just taken out of a sauna cools down. The fact that systems, here the coin, thermally adapt to their environment is due to the heat flow that results from temperature differences. However, this adaptation process, called thermal relaxation, is much more complicated when large temperature changes bring a system far out of thermodynamic equilibrium.