💡How do pathologists turn tissue into answers?

🧠🔬Each technique adds a layer of insight, revealing structure, function, and molecular detail.

Together, they form the diagnostic toolkit that guides clinical decisions 🩺
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Identifying pathogens and decoding genes:

🦠 Medical microbiology
🧬Molecular pathology

🩺 Diagnostic use: genetic mutations, cancer profiling, inherited disorders
Together, they reveal both the infectious and genetic roots of disease.
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🧫 From blood to cell cultures
Pathologists use lab-based tools to analyze:

🔬🧪Biochemical markers, hematologic parameters and Cell cultures

These tests guide diagnosis and treatment across specialties.
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🧪 Zooming in with precision tools
Advanced techniques include:

🔬⚛️Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy

These methods aid in diagnosing autoimmune diseases, cancers, and infections at the molecular level.
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🔬 How do pathologists examine disease?

Three core techniques:
➡️Gross pathology: visual inspection of organs/tissues
➡️🔬Microscopic pathology and histochemistry: stained tissue sections under light microscopy

🧠 Each method reveals a different layer of disease.
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🔍 How do pathologists make a diagnosis?

The process includes:
🔬 Biopsy analysis, material types (Needle, wedge, excisional, endoscopic) and processing.

Every slide tells a story, if you know how to read it 📖🧠
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🧫 From structure to symptoms

Disease manifests through:
Morphologic changes and Clinical significance

Understanding both helps bridge the gap between microscopic findings and patient care 🩺
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🔬 What causes disease, and how does it unfold?

Pathology begins with two core concepts:
Etiology and Pathogenesis

🧠 Example: High-sodium diet + genetic predisposition → endothelial injury → atherosclerosis
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👩‍🔬👨‍🔬 Brilliant minds have shaped Pathology across centuries.

🧠🧬From Virchow’s cellular theory to Ana H. Wintrobe´s work in blood cell morphology, each contribution expanded our diagnostic lens.

🔬Subspecialties emerged thanks to visionary pathologists 👇⭐

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🔍 Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902): Father of Modern Pathology

🧠He revolutionized medicine by asserting that disease begins in individual cells, not just tissues or organs.

🔬 His legacy: scientific rigor, microscopic observation, and the cellular theory of disease.
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🧬 The 19th and 20th centuries transformed pathology into a clinical science.

Virchow introduced cellular pathology and the principle “Omnis cellula e cellula.”

By the 20th century, pathology had become a hospital-integrated specialty with subspecialties 🔬
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