Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
@jerorb.bsky.social
We study Antibiotic Resistance Ecology and Evolution · Ramón y Cajal University Hospital · Madrid · www.evodynamicslab.com
Pinned
New paper out in @pnas.org, and it made the cover! 👁️
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
In this issue: Fresh light on horse evolution, mangrove restoration as coastal flood protection, and the links between aerobic metabolism and planetary oxygenation. In PNAS: https://ow.ly/yB6J50Y5ykK
January 29, 2026 at 10:00 PM
In this issue: Fresh light on horse evolution, mangrove restoration as coastal flood protection, and the links between aerobic metabolism and planetary oxygenation. In PNAS: https://ow.ly/yB6J50Y5ykK
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
And what a beautiful @pnas.org cover @paularamiro.bsky.social and @jerorb.bsky.social !!!!!! You should be very proud!
New paper out in @pnas.org, and it made the cover! 👁️
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
January 29, 2026 at 3:16 PM
And what a beautiful @pnas.org cover @paularamiro.bsky.social and @jerorb.bsky.social !!!!!! You should be very proud!
New paper out in @pnas.org, and it made the cover! 👁️
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
January 27, 2026 at 8:23 PM
New paper out in @pnas.org, and it made the cover! 👁️
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.
‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Big week: welcomed a new baby boy Harris Lopatkin, AND our PlasAnn paper is finally out: academic.oup.com/nar/article/... (obviously the first more important than the second 🥰). Currently on leave but if anyone has the need to annotate large plasmids, go check it out!
PlasAnn: a curated plasmid-specific database and annotation pipeline for standardized gene and function analysis
Abstract. Conjugative plasmids are key drivers of bacterial adaptation, enabling the horizontal transfer of accessory genes within and across diverse micro
academic.oup.com
January 27, 2026 at 4:59 PM
Big week: welcomed a new baby boy Harris Lopatkin, AND our PlasAnn paper is finally out: academic.oup.com/nar/article/... (obviously the first more important than the second 🥰). Currently on leave but if anyone has the need to annotate large plasmids, go check it out!
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Our new paper on Insertion Sequences (IS) in #Klebsiella
- Lineages have vastly different IS loads and profiles
- An inverse relationship between IS load and metabolic capacity, in particular phosphorus use, consistent with early reductive evolution.
www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/jour...
- Lineages have vastly different IS loads and profiles
- An inverse relationship between IS load and metabolic capacity, in particular phosphorus use, consistent with early reductive evolution.
www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/jour...
Exploring the IS-capades of Klebsiella pneumoniae: insertion sequences drive metabolic loss in obscure sub-lineages
Introduction. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of infections within healthcare settings and the community. Four K. pneumoniae sub-lineages, defined using ...
www.microbiologyresearch.org
January 22, 2026 at 7:52 PM
Our new paper on Insertion Sequences (IS) in #Klebsiella
- Lineages have vastly different IS loads and profiles
- An inverse relationship between IS load and metabolic capacity, in particular phosphorus use, consistent with early reductive evolution.
www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/jour...
- Lineages have vastly different IS loads and profiles
- An inverse relationship between IS load and metabolic capacity, in particular phosphorus use, consistent with early reductive evolution.
www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/jour...
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
New preprint from the lab!
Stress-Induced Cooperation Promotes Tolerance in Resource-Limited Auxotrophic Microbial Consortia.
Great and long journey with great collaborators.
Stress-Induced Cooperation Promotes Tolerance in Resource-Limited Auxotrophic Microbial Consortia.
Great and long journey with great collaborators.
We’re very happy to share the results from the last chapter of my PhD, now out as a preprint on bioRxiv
www.biorxiv.org/content/bior...
www.biorxiv.org/content/bior...
www.biorxiv.org
January 14, 2026 at 9:05 PM
New preprint from the lab!
Stress-Induced Cooperation Promotes Tolerance in Resource-Limited Auxotrophic Microbial Consortia.
Great and long journey with great collaborators.
Stress-Induced Cooperation Promotes Tolerance in Resource-Limited Auxotrophic Microbial Consortia.
Great and long journey with great collaborators.
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Here, we find that many Genomic islands have origins of transfer (oriT) mobilisable by conjugation, incl. known Pathogenicity & defense islands. iOriT use only an oriT for transfer by hitching on conjugative elements: they make abundant, diverse, ancient families of mobile genetic elements. See🧵
Bacteria chromosomes contain Genomic Islands that provide virulence, antibiotic resistance, MGE-defence,... They transfer between cells, but the mechanism of most remains elusive.
Here we explore the conjugative capacity of these mysterious Genomic Islands.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Here we explore the conjugative capacity of these mysterious Genomic Islands.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
www.biorxiv.org
January 14, 2026 at 11:26 AM
Here, we find that many Genomic islands have origins of transfer (oriT) mobilisable by conjugation, incl. known Pathogenicity & defense islands. iOriT use only an oriT for transfer by hitching on conjugative elements: they make abundant, diverse, ancient families of mobile genetic elements. See🧵
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Coupling DNA processing to early gene expression drives antibiotic resistance plasmid dissemination https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698686v1
January 10, 2026 at 2:16 AM
Coupling DNA processing to early gene expression drives antibiotic resistance plasmid dissemination https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698686v1
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
🚨Call for papers🚨
Microbial Evolution: Impacts on Human Health
in the society journal Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
Guest Editors: Bob Woods, Silvie Huijben & Camilo Barbosa
EIC: me
This will be great, please submit and share!
academic.oup.com/emph/pages/m...
Microbial Evolution: Impacts on Human Health
in the society journal Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
Guest Editors: Bob Woods, Silvie Huijben & Camilo Barbosa
EIC: me
This will be great, please submit and share!
academic.oup.com/emph/pages/m...
January 9, 2026 at 4:49 PM
🚨Call for papers🚨
Microbial Evolution: Impacts on Human Health
in the society journal Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
Guest Editors: Bob Woods, Silvie Huijben & Camilo Barbosa
EIC: me
This will be great, please submit and share!
academic.oup.com/emph/pages/m...
Microbial Evolution: Impacts on Human Health
in the society journal Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
Guest Editors: Bob Woods, Silvie Huijben & Camilo Barbosa
EIC: me
This will be great, please submit and share!
academic.oup.com/emph/pages/m...
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
New preprint from my lab (with Arya Kaul, @fernpizza.bsky.social, and @brinda.eu), in which we explore new genes hitchhiking on the beneficial deletion that fused them together, and find them in the LTEE, M. Tb/bovis, and across the bacterial tree of life
Novel genes arise from genomic deletions across the bacterial tree of life https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697752v1
January 6, 2026 at 4:12 PM
New preprint from my lab (with Arya Kaul, @fernpizza.bsky.social, and @brinda.eu), in which we explore new genes hitchhiking on the beneficial deletion that fused them together, and find them in the LTEE, M. Tb/bovis, and across the bacterial tree of life
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
New preprint out: Revealing the pervasive landscape of MGE-host interactions in situ with single-cell genomics
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
@mingyan-igi.bsky.social
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
@mingyan-igi.bsky.social
Revealing the pervasive landscape of MGE-host interactions in situ with single-cell genomics
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and viruses, drive microbial evolution and ecosystem dynamics, yet their distribution, host range, and functions remain poorly understood, especially...
www.biorxiv.org
January 7, 2026 at 10:20 PM
New preprint out: Revealing the pervasive landscape of MGE-host interactions in situ with single-cell genomics
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
@mingyan-igi.bsky.social
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
@mingyan-igi.bsky.social
🎁 Getting a paper acceptance right before Christmas break is one of the best feelings. 100% recommend.
Happy holidays, everyone! 🎄✨
Happy holidays, everyone! 🎄✨
December 20, 2025 at 4:40 PM
🎁 Getting a paper acceptance right before Christmas break is one of the best feelings. 100% recommend.
Happy holidays, everyone! 🎄✨
Happy holidays, everyone! 🎄✨
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Genomic Flexibility Through Extrachromosomal Amplifications: A Leishmania Survival Strategy https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.13.692850v1
December 15, 2025 at 1:15 AM
Genomic Flexibility Through Extrachromosomal Amplifications: A Leishmania Survival Strategy https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.13.692850v1
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Our story on plasmid streamlining is now published in PLoS Biology! With @andrewmatthews.bsky.social and @sonjalehtinen.bsky.social
#MicroSky #Mevosky
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
#MicroSky #Mevosky
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
Plasmid streamlining drives the extinction of antibiotic resistance plasmids under selection for horizontal transmission
Conjugative plasmids play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes among pathogenic bacteria. This study shows that AMR loss in evolving populations is associated with t...
journals.plos.org
December 12, 2025 at 12:09 PM
Our story on plasmid streamlining is now published in PLoS Biology! With @andrewmatthews.bsky.social and @sonjalehtinen.bsky.social
#MicroSky #Mevosky
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
#MicroSky #Mevosky
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
My first lead author paper is out with Ben Kerr and @alisonfeder.bsky.social! We found that making an antiviral too strong can sometimes make resistance easier to evolve. This has implications for how we design drugs, choose doses, and think about viral evolution in the face of treatment. (1/n)
Intracellular interactions shape antiviral resistance outcomes in poliovirus via eco-evolutionary feedback - Nature Ecology & Evolution
A model of intrahost poliovirus replication shows that, after several rounds of replication, pocapavir, a poliovirus capsid inhibitor, collapses viral density, preventing intracellular interactions th...
www.nature.com
December 8, 2025 at 5:15 PM
My first lead author paper is out with Ben Kerr and @alisonfeder.bsky.social! We found that making an antiviral too strong can sometimes make resistance easier to evolve. This has implications for how we design drugs, choose doses, and think about viral evolution in the face of treatment. (1/n)
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
The December cover of Genome Biology and Evolution features Rojas-Triana et al., who publish a Review on the adaptive potential of extrachromosomal circular DNA across taxa.
🔗 doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf223
#genome #evolution
🔗 doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf223
#genome #evolution
December 3, 2025 at 9:29 AM
The December cover of Genome Biology and Evolution features Rojas-Triana et al., who publish a Review on the adaptive potential of extrachromosomal circular DNA across taxa.
🔗 doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf223
#genome #evolution
🔗 doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf223
#genome #evolution
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Collateral sensitivity and genetic vulnerability of antibiotic resistance
Collateral sensitivity and genetic vulnerability of antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic combination therapy has a critical role in limiting emergent antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. Collateral sensitivity (CS), resistance to one antibiotic that is inextricable from sensitivity to another antibiotic, presents an opportunity for combinations explicitly selecting against resistance. Complementing efforts to select against resistance, differential genetic vulnerability mapping unravels dependencies unique for resistant strains. In this review, we discuss the potential implications of CS and genetic vulnerability data for the design of bespoke antibiotic combinations, drug discovery, and tracking evolution of resistant strains.
dlvr.it
December 2, 2025 at 8:23 PM
Collateral sensitivity and genetic vulnerability of antibiotic resistance
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Excited to share our latest work with @albertomarina.bsky.social and @avigdoreldar.bsky.social labs, where we decipher the mechanism by which SPβ-like phages sense the SOS response to control the lysis–lysogeny switch. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
An unprecedented DNA recognition–mimicry switch governs induction in arbitrium phages
Temperate phages integrate multiple information sources to regulate lysis-lysogeny transitions. SPBeta-like phages use arbitrium signalling and DNA damage to control repressor activity during lytic in...
www.biorxiv.org
December 2, 2025 at 9:31 AM
Excited to share our latest work with @albertomarina.bsky.social and @avigdoreldar.bsky.social labs, where we decipher the mechanism by which SPβ-like phages sense the SOS response to control the lysis–lysogeny switch. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
On the plane after a fantastic few days in Liverpool at #MicroEvo25 organised by the @microbiologysociety.org. The science, the people, and the city were all way above expectations. I’m definitely coming back. Had an absolute blast!
November 28, 2025 at 6:20 PM
On the plane after a fantastic few days in Liverpool at #MicroEvo25 organised by the @microbiologysociety.org. The science, the people, and the city were all way above expectations. I’m definitely coming back. Had an absolute blast!
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
What a week! Thanks to everyone who attended the UK Phage Therapy workshop and #MicroEvo25 in Liverpool… every talk, poster, question, chat, and round of applause helps to build our microbial evolution community! Thanks to @microbiologysociety.org and @ukri.org for support
November 27, 2025 at 9:34 PM
What a week! Thanks to everyone who attended the UK Phage Therapy workshop and #MicroEvo25 in Liverpool… every talk, poster, question, chat, and round of applause helps to build our microbial evolution community! Thanks to @microbiologysociety.org and @ukri.org for support
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
What is the best strategy to win any contest?
Eliminate your opponents of course.
Recently, my friend @fernpizza.bsky.social showed how plasmids compete intracellularly (check out his paper published in Science today!). With @baym.lol, we now know they can fight.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Eliminate your opponents of course.
Recently, my friend @fernpizza.bsky.social showed how plasmids compete intracellularly (check out his paper published in Science today!). With @baym.lol, we now know they can fight.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
November 20, 2025 at 10:12 PM
What is the best strategy to win any contest?
Eliminate your opponents of course.
Recently, my friend @fernpizza.bsky.social showed how plasmids compete intracellularly (check out his paper published in Science today!). With @baym.lol, we now know they can fight.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Eliminate your opponents of course.
Recently, my friend @fernpizza.bsky.social showed how plasmids compete intracellularly (check out his paper published in Science today!). With @baym.lol, we now know they can fight.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Hot off the press! Our latest paper led by @fernpizza.bsky.social, understanding how plasmids evolve inside cells. These small, self-replicating DNA circles live inside bacteria and carry antibiotic resistance genes, but also compete with one another to replicate. 1/
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Intracellular competition shapes plasmid population dynamics
From populations of multicellular organisms to selfish genetic elements, conflicts between levels of biological organization are central to evolution. Plasmids are extrachromosomal, self-replicating g...
www.science.org
November 20, 2025 at 9:42 PM
Hot off the press! Our latest paper led by @fernpizza.bsky.social, understanding how plasmids evolve inside cells. These small, self-replicating DNA circles live inside bacteria and carry antibiotic resistance genes, but also compete with one another to replicate. 1/
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
🚨Preprint alert - this is a big one! We transfer the revolutionary power of TnSeq to bacteriophages.
Our HIDEN-SEQ links the "dark matter" genes of your favorite phage to any selectable phenotype, guiding the path from fun observations to molecular mechanisms.
A thread 1/8
Our HIDEN-SEQ links the "dark matter" genes of your favorite phage to any selectable phenotype, guiding the path from fun observations to molecular mechanisms.
A thread 1/8
November 20, 2025 at 8:40 PM
🚨Preprint alert - this is a big one! We transfer the revolutionary power of TnSeq to bacteriophages.
Our HIDEN-SEQ links the "dark matter" genes of your favorite phage to any selectable phenotype, guiding the path from fun observations to molecular mechanisms.
A thread 1/8
Our HIDEN-SEQ links the "dark matter" genes of your favorite phage to any selectable phenotype, guiding the path from fun observations to molecular mechanisms.
A thread 1/8
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
🚀New preprint from our lab!
I am very excited to finally share what has been the main focus of my PhD for the past almost 3 years! It is about viral dark matter and a powerful tool we built to shed light on it. 🧬💡
Continue reading (🧵)
I am very excited to finally share what has been the main focus of my PhD for the past almost 3 years! It is about viral dark matter and a powerful tool we built to shed light on it. 🧬💡
Continue reading (🧵)
November 20, 2025 at 6:52 PM
🚀New preprint from our lab!
I am very excited to finally share what has been the main focus of my PhD for the past almost 3 years! It is about viral dark matter and a powerful tool we built to shed light on it. 🧬💡
Continue reading (🧵)
I am very excited to finally share what has been the main focus of my PhD for the past almost 3 years! It is about viral dark matter and a powerful tool we built to shed light on it. 🧬💡
Continue reading (🧵)
Reposted by Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
Very happy to see this piece out in @plosbiology.org, on the bacterial immune systems and microbial communities. It was a great team effort with Rafael Custodio, @brockhurstlab.bsky.social , @brownlab.bsky.social, and Edze Westra! 🦠🧫 #phagesky #mevosky
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
Bacterial immune systems as causes and consequences of microbiome structure
Bacterial immune systems have evolved in response to diverse molecular "parasites", yet their ecological roles remain poorly understood. This Essay explores how interactions between mobile genetic ele...
journals.plos.org
November 19, 2025 at 6:35 PM
Very happy to see this piece out in @plosbiology.org, on the bacterial immune systems and microbial communities. It was a great team effort with Rafael Custodio, @brockhurstlab.bsky.social , @brownlab.bsky.social, and Edze Westra! 🦠🧫 #phagesky #mevosky
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...