Ikhlaq Jacob
@ikhlaqjacob.bsky.social
All views are my own.
Please reference my work if you use it.
Please reference my work if you use it.
“One reason for the poverty of ethnographic research in this area might simply be the difficulties of access”.
November 8, 2025 at 1:44 AM
“One reason for the poverty of ethnographic research in this area might simply be the difficulties of access”.
All the visits I made to towns and cities over decades, people never asked whether I authored a paper or even a book (and rightly so).
They were interested in me as a individual, this was the start of the trust and genuine rapport building.
They were interested in me as a individual, this was the start of the trust and genuine rapport building.
November 7, 2025 at 10:26 AM
All the visits I made to towns and cities over decades, people never asked whether I authored a paper or even a book (and rightly so).
They were interested in me as a individual, this was the start of the trust and genuine rapport building.
They were interested in me as a individual, this was the start of the trust and genuine rapport building.
I spoke to over 800 local people, groups and diverse communities: the ‘hard to reach’ for the INCLUDE Study in Bradford and Leeds during the summers of 2024/25. Thank you everyone.
@auasresearch.bsky.social
@auasresearch.bsky.social
October 28, 2025 at 11:00 PM
I spoke to over 800 local people, groups and diverse communities: the ‘hard to reach’ for the INCLUDE Study in Bradford and Leeds during the summers of 2024/25. Thank you everyone.
@auasresearch.bsky.social
@auasresearch.bsky.social
THANK YOU to the people of Chapeltown and Harehills whom I met at cafés, chai’s, supermarkets, take-outs, playing fields, bus stops, barbers, desert shops, Bilal Centre, LGM, places of worship, cultural spaces and on the streets those who completed the questionnaire.
@auasresearch.bsky.social
@auasresearch.bsky.social
October 28, 2025 at 9:19 PM
THANK YOU to the people of Chapeltown and Harehills whom I met at cafés, chai’s, supermarkets, take-outs, playing fields, bus stops, barbers, desert shops, Bilal Centre, LGM, places of worship, cultural spaces and on the streets those who completed the questionnaire.
@auasresearch.bsky.social
@auasresearch.bsky.social
Thank you to the Khidmet Centre, and to the many attendees that I spoke to over the summer also a HUGE THANKS to the Ladies Group. Reaching out to the ‘hard to reach’.
October 27, 2025 at 11:01 PM
Thank you to the Khidmet Centre, and to the many attendees that I spoke to over the summer also a HUGE THANKS to the Ladies Group. Reaching out to the ‘hard to reach’.
Huge thanks to Michelle and Walter from the Leeds Black Elders Association for allowing me access to the lovely ladies and gentleman across your sites.
Also to the Golden Girls at the Reginald Centre!
Also to the Golden Girls at the Reginald Centre!
October 27, 2025 at 10:44 PM
Huge thanks to Michelle and Walter from the Leeds Black Elders Association for allowing me access to the lovely ladies and gentleman across your sites.
Also to the Golden Girls at the Reginald Centre!
Also to the Golden Girls at the Reginald Centre!
Thank you to the Bangladeshi Centre!
October 27, 2025 at 10:38 PM
Thank you to the Bangladeshi Centre!
Thank you to Janet and your colleagues for allowing me to talk to your many attendees over the summer for the INCLUDE Study.
October 27, 2025 at 10:35 PM
Thank you to Janet and your colleagues for allowing me to talk to your many attendees over the summer for the INCLUDE Study.
Thank you to Mr Raj and Mr Singh for allowing me access to your attendees over the summer (the food was lovely and you instantly recognised my profile picture of Casablanca!).
October 27, 2025 at 10:31 PM
Thank you to Mr Raj and Mr Singh for allowing me access to your attendees over the summer (the food was lovely and you instantly recognised my profile picture of Casablanca!).
Thank you to Sharon from the Reginald Centre for giving me an invaluable insight into the rich culture of the local community in Chapeltown and Harehills.
October 27, 2025 at 10:24 PM
Thank you to Sharon from the Reginald Centre for giving me an invaluable insight into the rich culture of the local community in Chapeltown and Harehills.
Gatekeepers are an invaluable source of help I have engaged with them in Bradford, Birmingham, Keighley, Leeds, Leicester, London, Manchester, Sheffield, Slough and elsewhere for decades.
And the very many diverse groups and communities. Engagement is longitudinal.
Thank you.
And the very many diverse groups and communities. Engagement is longitudinal.
Thank you.
October 27, 2025 at 8:06 PM
Gatekeepers are an invaluable source of help I have engaged with them in Bradford, Birmingham, Keighley, Leeds, Leicester, London, Manchester, Sheffield, Slough and elsewhere for decades.
And the very many diverse groups and communities. Engagement is longitudinal.
Thank you.
And the very many diverse groups and communities. Engagement is longitudinal.
Thank you.
There are many groups and communities that should be represented in research: from the majority and the minority; the ‘minority within minority’; the marginalised; the excluded and the ‘hard to reach’.
This can avoid skewing the data and sampling bias.
This can avoid skewing the data and sampling bias.
October 24, 2025 at 10:41 PM
There are many groups and communities that should be represented in research: from the majority and the minority; the ‘minority within minority’; the marginalised; the excluded and the ‘hard to reach’.
This can avoid skewing the data and sampling bias.
This can avoid skewing the data and sampling bias.
From my decades (not just 3 years) of experience of health and social research with the British South Asian and Black/Caribbean communities.
Shared decision making has always been an ethical dilemma in research yet overlooked.
(Ikhlaq Jacob)
Shared decision making has always been an ethical dilemma in research yet overlooked.
(Ikhlaq Jacob)
October 19, 2025 at 11:15 PM
From my decades (not just 3 years) of experience of health and social research with the British South Asian and Black/Caribbean communities.
Shared decision making has always been an ethical dilemma in research yet overlooked.
(Ikhlaq Jacob)
Shared decision making has always been an ethical dilemma in research yet overlooked.
(Ikhlaq Jacob)
For many British South Asians health terms can be fluid where language and words are used interchangeably.
There are many examples: ‘old’ age, weakness, obesity, frailty, fatigue or disability are context and culturally depended when used in health-related terminology.
There are many examples: ‘old’ age, weakness, obesity, frailty, fatigue or disability are context and culturally depended when used in health-related terminology.
October 3, 2025 at 11:45 PM
For many British South Asians health terms can be fluid where language and words are used interchangeably.
There are many examples: ‘old’ age, weakness, obesity, frailty, fatigue or disability are context and culturally depended when used in health-related terminology.
There are many examples: ‘old’ age, weakness, obesity, frailty, fatigue or disability are context and culturally depended when used in health-related terminology.
My earlier work showed that many older South Asians were using shopping to get exercise or by walking to their place of worship.
Most were living in multi-generational households and getting out of the house for fresh air was important for their mental well-being.
Most were living in multi-generational households and getting out of the house for fresh air was important for their mental well-being.
September 30, 2025 at 11:34 PM
My earlier work showed that many older South Asians were using shopping to get exercise or by walking to their place of worship.
Most were living in multi-generational households and getting out of the house for fresh air was important for their mental well-being.
Most were living in multi-generational households and getting out of the house for fresh air was important for their mental well-being.
It’s not about joining in a game of football but it’s joining in with the local community.
September 29, 2025 at 2:15 PM
It’s not about joining in a game of football but it’s joining in with the local community.
Encouraging older South Asians in Bradford to ‘get up and move’ or to get in extra steps during the day, for example going out shopping.
For those mobility issues suggesting chair exercises. Need to be culturally and community focussed.
For those mobility issues suggesting chair exercises. Need to be culturally and community focussed.
September 28, 2025 at 10:45 PM
Encouraging older South Asians in Bradford to ‘get up and move’ or to get in extra steps during the day, for example going out shopping.
For those mobility issues suggesting chair exercises. Need to be culturally and community focussed.
For those mobility issues suggesting chair exercises. Need to be culturally and community focussed.
Cultural Context:
Words, meanings and understandings can be lost in translation.
It’s the question we ask but also how the person on the other side understands it.
Words, meanings and understandings can be lost in translation.
It’s the question we ask but also how the person on the other side understands it.
September 26, 2025 at 10:53 PM
Cultural Context:
Words, meanings and understandings can be lost in translation.
It’s the question we ask but also how the person on the other side understands it.
Words, meanings and understandings can be lost in translation.
It’s the question we ask but also how the person on the other side understands it.
Are we talking about the same words?
British Pakistanis who speak Potwari (dialect) the lack of standardised vocabulary complicates translation and meanings.
For example, when ‘frailty’ or ‘obesity’ are used the researcher needs to be aware of the nuances of the local dialect.
British Pakistanis who speak Potwari (dialect) the lack of standardised vocabulary complicates translation and meanings.
For example, when ‘frailty’ or ‘obesity’ are used the researcher needs to be aware of the nuances of the local dialect.
September 14, 2025 at 2:29 PM
Are we talking about the same words?
British Pakistanis who speak Potwari (dialect) the lack of standardised vocabulary complicates translation and meanings.
For example, when ‘frailty’ or ‘obesity’ are used the researcher needs to be aware of the nuances of the local dialect.
British Pakistanis who speak Potwari (dialect) the lack of standardised vocabulary complicates translation and meanings.
For example, when ‘frailty’ or ‘obesity’ are used the researcher needs to be aware of the nuances of the local dialect.
Lost in translation:
‘Frailty’ means ‘kamazori’ in Potwari but it can mean different things.
It’s contextual for British Pakistanis for example, a person can be kamazor due to hearing impairment, having pain or related to mobility (part 2/2).
‘Frailty’ means ‘kamazori’ in Potwari but it can mean different things.
It’s contextual for British Pakistanis for example, a person can be kamazor due to hearing impairment, having pain or related to mobility (part 2/2).
September 13, 2025 at 12:30 AM
Lost in translation:
‘Frailty’ means ‘kamazori’ in Potwari but it can mean different things.
It’s contextual for British Pakistanis for example, a person can be kamazor due to hearing impairment, having pain or related to mobility (part 2/2).
‘Frailty’ means ‘kamazori’ in Potwari but it can mean different things.
It’s contextual for British Pakistanis for example, a person can be kamazor due to hearing impairment, having pain or related to mobility (part 2/2).
Most British Pakistanis speak Potwari/Punjabi but the dialect has little consistency in the meaning of words, it’s an unwritten vocabulary.
The words are lost in translation for example, ‘frailty’ is context dependent and has many different meanings (part 1/2).
The words are lost in translation for example, ‘frailty’ is context dependent and has many different meanings (part 1/2).
September 12, 2025 at 9:41 PM
Most British Pakistanis speak Potwari/Punjabi but the dialect has little consistency in the meaning of words, it’s an unwritten vocabulary.
The words are lost in translation for example, ‘frailty’ is context dependent and has many different meanings (part 1/2).
The words are lost in translation for example, ‘frailty’ is context dependent and has many different meanings (part 1/2).
Cross-cultural interviews are difficult to undertake the meaning of words can be lost in translation making thematic analysis more difficult.
For example, ‘family’ in the Western sense often means ‘nuclear’ but among British Asians often means the ‘extended family’.
For example, ‘family’ in the Western sense often means ‘nuclear’ but among British Asians often means the ‘extended family’.
September 11, 2025 at 9:43 AM
Cross-cultural interviews are difficult to undertake the meaning of words can be lost in translation making thematic analysis more difficult.
For example, ‘family’ in the Western sense often means ‘nuclear’ but among British Asians often means the ‘extended family’.
For example, ‘family’ in the Western sense often means ‘nuclear’ but among British Asians often means the ‘extended family’.
Informed Consent: It’s a Dynamic Process:
In research communal decision making can override individual autonomy especially when participants are non-English speakers the family will check if the research is suitable. It’s often a collective shared decision.
In research communal decision making can override individual autonomy especially when participants are non-English speakers the family will check if the research is suitable. It’s often a collective shared decision.
September 9, 2025 at 8:02 AM
Informed Consent: It’s a Dynamic Process:
In research communal decision making can override individual autonomy especially when participants are non-English speakers the family will check if the research is suitable. It’s often a collective shared decision.
In research communal decision making can override individual autonomy especially when participants are non-English speakers the family will check if the research is suitable. It’s often a collective shared decision.
The Missing Link?
Diverse audiences can interpret research in different ways or they can ignore it if it does not take into account local needs, their cultural beliefs or their lived experiences.
Research in the Community (Ikhlaq Jacob).
Diverse audiences can interpret research in different ways or they can ignore it if it does not take into account local needs, their cultural beliefs or their lived experiences.
Research in the Community (Ikhlaq Jacob).
September 3, 2025 at 12:12 AM
The Missing Link?
Diverse audiences can interpret research in different ways or they can ignore it if it does not take into account local needs, their cultural beliefs or their lived experiences.
Research in the Community (Ikhlaq Jacob).
Diverse audiences can interpret research in different ways or they can ignore it if it does not take into account local needs, their cultural beliefs or their lived experiences.
Research in the Community (Ikhlaq Jacob).
I spoke to over 800 people for the INCLUDE Study. Thank you to everyone.
Michelle and Walter at LBEA/Le Princes Court
Janet (Wellbeing Hub)
Sharon (Reginald Centre)
The Montague Centre (Mr Raj)
Bangladeshi Centre (Rashida)
Khidmet Centre (Zaida, Mr Maroof and Mr Waseem)
Mr Siddique (Bilal Centre)
Michelle and Walter at LBEA/Le Princes Court
Janet (Wellbeing Hub)
Sharon (Reginald Centre)
The Montague Centre (Mr Raj)
Bangladeshi Centre (Rashida)
Khidmet Centre (Zaida, Mr Maroof and Mr Waseem)
Mr Siddique (Bilal Centre)
September 1, 2025 at 10:44 AM
I spoke to over 800 people for the INCLUDE Study. Thank you to everyone.
Michelle and Walter at LBEA/Le Princes Court
Janet (Wellbeing Hub)
Sharon (Reginald Centre)
The Montague Centre (Mr Raj)
Bangladeshi Centre (Rashida)
Khidmet Centre (Zaida, Mr Maroof and Mr Waseem)
Mr Siddique (Bilal Centre)
Michelle and Walter at LBEA/Le Princes Court
Janet (Wellbeing Hub)
Sharon (Reginald Centre)
The Montague Centre (Mr Raj)
Bangladeshi Centre (Rashida)
Khidmet Centre (Zaida, Mr Maroof and Mr Waseem)
Mr Siddique (Bilal Centre)