Finally, we focused mainly on the hippocampus, but an exploratory whole brain analysis showed that these hippocampal effects also extended to the orbitofrontal cortex of older infants. 7/10

Our infant participants spanned a large age range, and we found that this hippocampal subsequent memory effect was specific to older (12-24 months) but not younger (4-9 months) infants, even after controlling for things like motion and attention. 6/10

Across all infants, we found a significant subsequent memory effect in the hippocampus (!) Interestingly, this effect was strongest in the posterior hippocampus, consistent with rodent work and computational models, and strongest in infants with higher overall familiarity preferences. 5/10

About one minute after seeing an image, and after multiple intervening trials, infants saw the same image alongside a novel image from the same category. Since infants saw images only once and for a short amount of time, we expected them to show a looking preference to the old item. 3/10

Building upon recent innovations in awake infant fMRI, and previous findings on hippocampal learning in infants from @camerontellis.bsky.social, we tested memory for individual items in infants (4-24 months of age) while collecting fMRI activity. 2/10

We will keep fighting and standing up for science.

The paper describes ongoing strategies for conducting methodologically robust and culturally relevant research on resilience in the form of emotion regulation in South African adolescents from a low-income, high-adversity context who have been tracked longitudinally since the prenatal period 2/4

Would love to know your thoughts!

When we dug into the connections contributing to this similarity, we found some interesting state differences. Most exciting to me, connections within and between the frontoparietal control network were more similar between infants and adults when infants were awake! 4/9

However, infant sleep/wake state did not impact overall similarity between infants and adults (and, interestingly, infants were in general more similar to adults watching a movie). 3/9

We compared functional connectivity between infants scanned during natural sleep and infants scanned while awake and watching a movie. Similarity and classification analyses showed us that these two states can be differentiated from one another by functional connectivity. 2/9