5/5 Although Trumpism does not constitute a fully-fledged form of fascism (yet), it has formal similarities with fascism’s discursive meaning and identity constructions that have rendered the elimination of the perceived enemies of the nation possible, rational, and legitimate.

4/5 It argues that foreign policy can become a site for fascist politics, serving not only as a space of dangers, Otherness, and enmity against which an identity of the ‘decaying’ nation can be constituted but also as a practice through which it can be rejuvenated and achieve a mythical wholeness.

3/5 Drawing on poststructuralism, it conceptualizes fascism as a discourse that produces a distinct national identity through three frames: (1) crisis, decline, and victimhood, (2) Othering and elimination, and (3) rebirth.

2/5 Is it time for the F-word in International Relations? The paper examines the insights that historical fascism and fascism scholarship can offer for understanding the foreign policy discourses of contemporary political parties and leaders.