Overall, visually-evoked ACh release in V1 reconfigures local GABAergic circuits to boost sensory responses and support conditioned behavior. Rather than being a simple gate for learning, cholinergic plasticity is actually the mechanism for expression of conditioned behavior! 5/5

2-photon calcium imaging of distinct GABAergic interneurons in V1 showed fear-conditioning enhanced visual responses in layer 1 interneurons and suppressed responses by VIP- and PV-expressing interneurons, leading to disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. 4/5

Widefield imaging of cholinergic signaling revealed selective, visually evoked ACh release after visual fear conditioning. Local blockade of ACh muscarinic receptors in V1 disrupted both enhanced visual responses and conditioned behavior. ACh is required for neural and behavior plasticity! 3/5

In head-fixed mice, associating a visual cue with mild foot-shock resulted in conditioned cessation of licking (~freezing). Behavior required V1 activity, and wide field+2p calcium imaging showed learning-dependent increases in visual responses for V1 pyramidal neurons.

Can’t wait to get started today! We’re introducing the students to MiniMe - the first whole-cortex, through-skull mesoscopic imaging system for freely-moving mice!

Congrats and welcome! Can't wait for all the amazing conversations!!!

I get and agree with your point, Talia, but also strongly voice support for local farmers markets. JFC, it's amazing that the liberals can't push each other off the life raft fast enough...

Not that I disagree with you, but since the wording demands Unis affirm compliance with federal anti-discrimination laws (not admin's whims), there seems some wiggle room for the moment.

We used to call functional connectomics "cross-correlation"! 🤣

sì, in parte, la mia famiglia viene da puglia (non gli higley's... lol)

Bravo! Spero di ricevere presto il mio passaporto italiano! È un bel posto per fare la scienza...

Ottimo! Perché inizi di studiare italiano?

I'll add a plug for @stellatecomms.bsky.social - they did an awesome job with my lab's logo!

Nice! It's great to see this out!!

marinated eel chunks with soy, rice vinegar, and sesame, twice-fried in the wok. also some butterflied sardines and sautéed chanterelles! delicious, if a bit eclectic!

Nice! Congrats!

ime (med school neuroscience), the letters are a critical element of making first round cuts for both grad school and faculty