4/
Diversity in axSpA drug trials is improving, but we still have a long way to go.
Greater inclusion by race, ethnicity, gender, and geography is important to ensure trial findings are more applicable to the patients we see in our clinics.

3/
- 53 countries enrolled patients; but many regions had minimal participation in trials including Sub-Saharan Africa, South/Central Asia, Latin America and the MENA.
- 92% of trials conducted in high-income countries
- Only 2 trials conducted in low or low-middle income countries.

2/
- Black patients made up just 1% of trial participants.
- Only 1 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander ever recruited in an AxSpA drug trial!
- Representation of Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latino participants improved (progress, but not enough).

1/ Key findings from our axSpA trial diversity study:

- Female enrollment largely reflects disease prevalence (25% in AS, 48% in nr-axSpA)
- Trials reporting participant race rose from 9% (early 2000s) to 100% (~2020).
- Participant ethnicity reporting still lagging behind