Counterintuitively, Black Americans receive worse representation relative to Whites when Black Americans make up a larger share of a state pop., suggesting racial threat matters. Indeed, we find average, local White racial resentment strongly predicts representation gaps. 4/4

These patterns hold when we control for income, age, ideology, and PID. In other words, Republicans represent White Republicans better than Republicans of color. Analyzing legislators’ behavior, we find similar patterns and more... 3/n

Perhaps surprisingly, we find limited gaps on aggregate. However, we find large gaps by partisan control. When Republicans govern, White Americans get what they want on policy more than racial minorities. But Democrats governed for longer during this period. 2/n

Inertia and status quo bias have stopped me from doing this, but I’ve been sharing the same thought. 40% of papers are bad AI, 40% are just bad, and I’m to burnt out by the bad papers to fairly grade and provide feedback on the remaining 20%.