How about in this case?
Surprisingly, most people *predominantly see 180° motion*, while 360° motion is hardly, if ever, perceived – even though the rings move in the same way as above!
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Responses to combinations of motion clouds were well explained by a simple summation mechanism of the individual components.

Finally, a subset of neurons exhibited responses that could distinguish different speeds.

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We found that motion features were encoded in a temporally ordered sequence: orientation and spatial frequency emerged within 120 ms after stimulus onset, while temporal frequency and direction followed at later latencies.

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#PressRelease 🗞️ The 2025 CNRS Gold Medal has been awarded to Stéphane Mallat, recognised the world over for his research on mathematics applied to signal processing and artificial intelligence.

👉 cnrs.fr/en/press/bet...

#CNRStalents 🏅

Indeed, Zebra noise shares some characteristics of the Motion Clouds, but for the purpose of strongly driving visual neurons, they decided to binarize their stimulus, whereas we preserve the full luminance range.

Thanks Andrey!

Motion Clouds are one step closer to natural movies, while still allowing the experimenter to have full control on its generation.

2026 - Bournemouth, UK
2027 - Padua, Italy
2028 - Paris, France