1️⃣ Political rivalry shapes who funds IO and why
2️⃣ IO networks are often integrated into, or complement, official election campaign teams
1️⃣ Political rivalry shapes who funds IO and why
2️⃣ IO networks are often integrated into, or complement, official election campaign teams
Thailand: State-centric elections → institutionalized, state-aligned IO, content aimed at legitimizing the regime
Thailand: State-centric elections → institutionalized, state-aligned IO, content aimed at legitimizing the regime
We show that differences in IO’s aims, organization, and funding reflect the nature of elite competition in each country
Indonesia: Candidate-centered elections → fragmented, informal IO networks, funded by many actors, sometimes promoting government policies
We show that differences in IO’s aims, organization, and funding reflect the nature of elite competition in each country
Indonesia: Candidate-centered elections → fragmented, informal IO networks, funded by many actors, sometimes promoting government policies