Josh Gabbatiss
@joshgabbatiss.bsky.social
Climate policy correspondent at Carbon Brief 🐸
[email protected] ✉️
https://bsky.app/profile/carbonbrief.bsky.social
[email protected] ✉️
https://bsky.app/profile/carbonbrief.bsky.social
This is the line that finally got the 3rd review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss & damage (WIM) over the line yesterday.
Kenya wanted a reference to the high cost of the Santiago Network secretariat’s location in Geneva. This extra text seems to have been enough to get their approval
Kenya wanted a reference to the high cost of the Santiago Network secretariat’s location in Geneva. This extra text seems to have been enough to get their approval
November 22, 2025 at 7:25 PM
This is the line that finally got the 3rd review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss & damage (WIM) over the line yesterday.
Kenya wanted a reference to the high cost of the Santiago Network secretariat’s location in Geneva. This extra text seems to have been enough to get their approval
Kenya wanted a reference to the high cost of the Santiago Network secretariat’s location in Geneva. This extra text seems to have been enough to get their approval
As for the Baku to Belem roadmap – the language has remained pretty much the same as in the previous draft.
It "takes note of" the roadmap, rather than "welcoming" it as was suggested in an earlier version.
The text also "reaffirms" the wider call for "all actors" to strive towards $1.3tn.
It "takes note of" the roadmap, rather than "welcoming" it as was suggested in an earlier version.
The text also "reaffirms" the wider call for "all actors" to strive towards $1.3tn.
November 22, 2025 at 3:19 PM
As for the Baku to Belem roadmap – the language has remained pretty much the same as in the previous draft.
It "takes note of" the roadmap, rather than "welcoming" it as was suggested in an earlier version.
The text also "reaffirms" the wider call for "all actors" to strive towards $1.3tn.
It "takes note of" the roadmap, rather than "welcoming" it as was suggested in an earlier version.
The text also "reaffirms" the wider call for "all actors" to strive towards $1.3tn.
This footnote has been retained, stating that this work programme won't "prejudge" the way in which the big 2035 climate finance target is met.
November 22, 2025 at 3:12 PM
This footnote has been retained, stating that this work programme won't "prejudge" the way in which the big 2035 climate finance target is met.
++CLIMATE FINANCE! IN THE MUTIRÃO++
Article 9.1 – referring to finance provided by developed countries
Key issue for LMDCs, Arab Group, who initially called for a 3-year work programme.
Text has a 2-year programme on all climate finance from developed countries, including e.g. private finance.
Article 9.1 – referring to finance provided by developed countries
Key issue for LMDCs, Arab Group, who initially called for a 3-year work programme.
Text has a 2-year programme on all climate finance from developed countries, including e.g. private finance.
November 22, 2025 at 3:12 PM
++CLIMATE FINANCE! IN THE MUTIRÃO++
Article 9.1 – referring to finance provided by developed countries
Key issue for LMDCs, Arab Group, who initially called for a 3-year work programme.
Text has a 2-year programme on all climate finance from developed countries, including e.g. private finance.
Article 9.1 – referring to finance provided by developed countries
Key issue for LMDCs, Arab Group, who initially called for a 3-year work programme.
Text has a 2-year programme on all climate finance from developed countries, including e.g. private finance.
In this paragraph about "cost-effectiveness", Kenya has argued for language that references high costs in Geneva.
It wants the text to say that this harms the Santiago Network's provision of technical assistance to developing countries.
It wants the text to say that this harms the Santiago Network's provision of technical assistance to developing countries.
November 21, 2025 at 6:36 PM
In this paragraph about "cost-effectiveness", Kenya has argued for language that references high costs in Geneva.
It wants the text to say that this harms the Santiago Network's provision of technical assistance to developing countries.
It wants the text to say that this harms the Santiago Network's provision of technical assistance to developing countries.
Colombian minister Irene Vélez Torres explains her views on fossil fuels being excluded from the COP30 text.
"The problem is, right now, the method [is] only of consensus”, with “the most ambitious agenda” ending up “eliminated”.
She added: “We still believe that a change in the text is possible."
"The problem is, right now, the method [is] only of consensus”, with “the most ambitious agenda” ending up “eliminated”.
She added: “We still believe that a change in the text is possible."
November 21, 2025 at 2:29 PM
Colombian minister Irene Vélez Torres explains her views on fossil fuels being excluded from the COP30 text.
"The problem is, right now, the method [is] only of consensus”, with “the most ambitious agenda” ending up “eliminated”.
She added: “We still believe that a change in the text is possible."
"The problem is, right now, the method [is] only of consensus”, with “the most ambitious agenda” ending up “eliminated”.
She added: “We still believe that a change in the text is possible."
After the new COP30 text leaves out reference to a "fossil-fuel roadmap", a group of nations led by Colombia 🇨🇴 has launched a new push against fossil fuels.
The list of 24 nations supporting the “Belem Declaration for transitioning away from fossil fuels” includes:
🇦🇺🇦🇹🇧🇪🇰🇭🇨🇱🇨🇴🇨🇷🇩🇰🇫🇯🇫🇮🇮🇪🇯🇲🇰🇪🇱🇺🇲🇭🇲🇽🇫🇲🇳🇵🇳🇱🇵🇦🇪🇸🇸🇮🇻🇺🇹🇻
The list of 24 nations supporting the “Belem Declaration for transitioning away from fossil fuels” includes:
🇦🇺🇦🇹🇧🇪🇰🇭🇨🇱🇨🇴🇨🇷🇩🇰🇫🇯🇫🇮🇮🇪🇯🇲🇰🇪🇱🇺🇲🇭🇲🇽🇫🇲🇳🇵🇳🇱🇵🇦🇪🇸🇸🇮🇻🇺🇹🇻
November 21, 2025 at 1:41 PM
After the new COP30 text leaves out reference to a "fossil-fuel roadmap", a group of nations led by Colombia 🇨🇴 has launched a new push against fossil fuels.
The list of 24 nations supporting the “Belem Declaration for transitioning away from fossil fuels” includes:
🇦🇺🇦🇹🇧🇪🇰🇭🇨🇱🇨🇴🇨🇷🇩🇰🇫🇯🇫🇮🇮🇪🇯🇲🇰🇪🇱🇺🇲🇭🇲🇽🇫🇲🇳🇵🇳🇱🇵🇦🇪🇸🇸🇮🇻🇺🇹🇻
The list of 24 nations supporting the “Belem Declaration for transitioning away from fossil fuels” includes:
🇦🇺🇦🇹🇧🇪🇰🇭🇨🇱🇨🇴🇨🇷🇩🇰🇫🇯🇫🇮🇮🇪🇯🇲🇰🇪🇱🇺🇲🇭🇲🇽🇫🇲🇳🇵🇳🇱🇵🇦🇪🇸🇸🇮🇻🇺🇹🇻
As for other texts beyond the overarching Mutirao Decision...
Article 2.1c financial flows talks had stalled over whether or not to continue talking..
Final text - parties have decided to keep talking under something called the "Veredas Dialogue" (Portuguese for "paths")
bsky.app/profile/josh...
Article 2.1c financial flows talks had stalled over whether or not to continue talking..
Final text - parties have decided to keep talking under something called the "Veredas Dialogue" (Portuguese for "paths")
bsky.app/profile/josh...
November 21, 2025 at 11:41 AM
As for other texts beyond the overarching Mutirao Decision...
Article 2.1c financial flows talks had stalled over whether or not to continue talking..
Final text - parties have decided to keep talking under something called the "Veredas Dialogue" (Portuguese for "paths")
bsky.app/profile/josh...
Article 2.1c financial flows talks had stalled over whether or not to continue talking..
Final text - parties have decided to keep talking under something called the "Veredas Dialogue" (Portuguese for "paths")
bsky.app/profile/josh...
"Recalls" the decision made last year to triple finance from big UNFCCC climate funds and "calls for" for effort to do this.
Also mentions a ministerial event on implementing the finance goal from last year – focusing on the quantify but also quality of finance provided.
Also mentions a ministerial event on implementing the finance goal from last year – focusing on the quantify but also quality of finance provided.
November 21, 2025 at 11:29 AM
"Recalls" the decision made last year to triple finance from big UNFCCC climate funds and "calls for" for effort to do this.
Also mentions a ministerial event on implementing the finance goal from last year – focusing on the quantify but also quality of finance provided.
Also mentions a ministerial event on implementing the finance goal from last year – focusing on the quantify but also quality of finance provided.
Text "takes note" of the Baku to Belem roadmap to $1.3tn, but nothing about workstreams or "taking forward the recommendations" from the roadmap, as in the previous iteration of the text...
November 21, 2025 at 11:24 AM
Text "takes note" of the Baku to Belem roadmap to $1.3tn, but nothing about workstreams or "taking forward the recommendations" from the roadmap, as in the previous iteration of the text...
ADAPTATION - text "recalls" the COP26 decision that "urged" developed countries to "at least double" adaptation finance provision by 2025
But rather than "urging" it "calls" for "efforts" to triple adaptation finance by 2030. Only "urges" developed countries to increase adaptation finance broadly
But rather than "urging" it "calls" for "efforts" to triple adaptation finance by 2030. Only "urges" developed countries to increase adaptation finance broadly
November 21, 2025 at 11:18 AM
ADAPTATION - text "recalls" the COP26 decision that "urged" developed countries to "at least double" adaptation finance provision by 2025
But rather than "urging" it "calls" for "efforts" to triple adaptation finance by 2030. Only "urges" developed countries to increase adaptation finance broadly
But rather than "urging" it "calls" for "efforts" to triple adaptation finance by 2030. Only "urges" developed countries to increase adaptation finance broadly
There is also a footnote under that paragraph stressing that this programme must not "prejudge" the process of meeting the new climate finance target, which was agreed last year and includes climate finance directly provided and mobilised from private sources.
November 21, 2025 at 10:56 AM
There is also a footnote under that paragraph stressing that this programme must not "prejudge" the process of meeting the new climate finance target, which was agreed last year and includes climate finance directly provided and mobilised from private sources.
+KEY FINANCE ISSUES IN THE NEW COP30 TEXTS+
There's a 2-year work programme on ALL climate finance, including Article 9.1 finance provided by developed countries.
Some developing countries (LMDCs etc) had called for a 3-year work programme on JUST Article 9.1.
There's a 2-year work programme on ALL climate finance, including Article 9.1 finance provided by developed countries.
Some developing countries (LMDCs etc) had called for a 3-year work programme on JUST Article 9.1.
November 21, 2025 at 10:56 AM
+KEY FINANCE ISSUES IN THE NEW COP30 TEXTS+
There's a 2-year work programme on ALL climate finance, including Article 9.1 finance provided by developed countries.
Some developing countries (LMDCs etc) had called for a 3-year work programme on JUST Article 9.1.
There's a 2-year work programme on ALL climate finance, including Article 9.1 finance provided by developed countries.
Some developing countries (LMDCs etc) had called for a 3-year work programme on JUST Article 9.1.
The list of countries backing some sort of “fossil-fuel roadmap” at COP30 includes large oil-and-gas producers such as Norway, Mexico and Brazil.
However, the 80+ countries reportedly supporting it so far only produce 7% of the world’s fossil-fuel energy.
However, the 80+ countries reportedly supporting it so far only produce 7% of the world’s fossil-fuel energy.
November 20, 2025 at 11:17 AM
The list of countries backing some sort of “fossil-fuel roadmap” at COP30 includes large oil-and-gas producers such as Norway, Mexico and Brazil.
However, the 80+ countries reportedly supporting it so far only produce 7% of the world’s fossil-fuel energy.
However, the 80+ countries reportedly supporting it so far only produce 7% of the world’s fossil-fuel energy.
There are some notable things in this draft text – including a decision to prepare a report on "critical issues and lessons learned and providing best practices, solutions and policy advice on loss and damage".
November 20, 2025 at 2:08 AM
There are some notable things in this draft text – including a decision to prepare a report on "critical issues and lessons learned and providing best practices, solutions and policy advice on loss and damage".
After about 75 hours spent on a review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss & damage – a process that spilled over from previous talks – negotiators are making slow progress at COP30.
A draft text has now been published, but the whole thing is bracketed – a sign of continuing disagreement
A draft text has now been published, but the whole thing is bracketed – a sign of continuing disagreement
November 20, 2025 at 2:08 AM
After about 75 hours spent on a review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss & damage – a process that spilled over from previous talks – negotiators are making slow progress at COP30.
A draft text has now been published, but the whole thing is bracketed – a sign of continuing disagreement
A draft text has now been published, but the whole thing is bracketed – a sign of continuing disagreement
After that's been paid out, the fund would only have $180m left – not much to deal with climate disasters.
Some hoped for stronger language in this text about rich countries providing more cash, but they've had to make do with a nod to the NCQG text on "tripling outflows" from such funds by 2030.
Some hoped for stronger language in this text about rich countries providing more cash, but they've had to make do with a nod to the NCQG text on "tripling outflows" from such funds by 2030.
November 19, 2025 at 2:45 AM
After that's been paid out, the fund would only have $180m left – not much to deal with climate disasters.
Some hoped for stronger language in this text about rich countries providing more cash, but they've had to make do with a nod to the NCQG text on "tripling outflows" from such funds by 2030.
Some hoped for stronger language in this text about rich countries providing more cash, but they've had to make do with a nod to the NCQG text on "tripling outflows" from such funds by 2030.
Another loss & damage agenda item has seemingly been signed off at COP30 – the report on the Loss and Damage Fund.
Around $800m has been pledged to the fund but only $583 provided.
Last week $250m was allocated for the fund's start-up phase – dubbed the Barbados Implementation Modalities...
Around $800m has been pledged to the fund but only $583 provided.
Last week $250m was allocated for the fund's start-up phase – dubbed the Barbados Implementation Modalities...
November 19, 2025 at 2:45 AM
Another loss & damage agenda item has seemingly been signed off at COP30 – the report on the Loss and Damage Fund.
Around $800m has been pledged to the fund but only $583 provided.
Last week $250m was allocated for the fund's start-up phase – dubbed the Barbados Implementation Modalities...
Around $800m has been pledged to the fund but only $583 provided.
Last week $250m was allocated for the fund's start-up phase – dubbed the Barbados Implementation Modalities...
Article 9.5 discussions have clearly been a place for wider climate finance grievances to be aired.
See this section which calls for developed countries to "reform national budgetary processes" to boost climate finance, go "beyond" the $300bn target, set specific targets for each donor country...
See this section which calls for developed countries to "reform national budgetary processes" to boost climate finance, go "beyond" the $300bn target, set specific targets for each donor country...
November 18, 2025 at 2:17 PM
Article 9.5 discussions have clearly been a place for wider climate finance grievances to be aired.
See this section which calls for developed countries to "reform national budgetary processes" to boost climate finance, go "beyond" the $300bn target, set specific targets for each donor country...
See this section which calls for developed countries to "reform national budgetary processes" to boost climate finance, go "beyond" the $300bn target, set specific targets for each donor country...
And the third option – favoured by developed countries - is that there are no changes to the annex, meaning no additional reporting requirements for them.
November 18, 2025 at 2:17 PM
And the third option – favoured by developed countries - is that there are no changes to the annex, meaning no additional reporting requirements for them.
In an "annex" there are three options for "types of information to be provided by parties".
A range of developing countries including small islands, Arab Group etc. have called for more detailed info, including e.g loss and damage finance, intended recipients.
A range of developing countries including small islands, Arab Group etc. have called for more detailed info, including e.g loss and damage finance, intended recipients.
November 18, 2025 at 2:17 PM
In an "annex" there are three options for "types of information to be provided by parties".
A range of developing countries including small islands, Arab Group etc. have called for more detailed info, including e.g loss and damage finance, intended recipients.
A range of developing countries including small islands, Arab Group etc. have called for more detailed info, including e.g loss and damage finance, intended recipients.
Another climate finance negotiating track at COP30 concerns "biennial communications", in which developed countries provide info about planned financial contributions to developing countries.
A central debate here – captured in a new negotiating text - is what kind of info should be provided.
A central debate here – captured in a new negotiating text - is what kind of info should be provided.
November 18, 2025 at 2:17 PM
Another climate finance negotiating track at COP30 concerns "biennial communications", in which developed countries provide info about planned financial contributions to developing countries.
A central debate here – captured in a new negotiating text - is what kind of info should be provided.
A central debate here – captured in a new negotiating text - is what kind of info should be provided.
It's notably that these discussions are also a venue for the developing countries that are pushing the prioritisation of Article 9.1 finance to make their views known.
E.g. One of the ideas for the "platform" is that it's "a platform for the implementation of Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement".
E.g. One of the ideas for the "platform" is that it's "a platform for the implementation of Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement".
November 18, 2025 at 1:53 PM
It's notably that these discussions are also a venue for the developing countries that are pushing the prioritisation of Article 9.1 finance to make their views known.
E.g. One of the ideas for the "platform" is that it's "a platform for the implementation of Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement".
E.g. One of the ideas for the "platform" is that it's "a platform for the implementation of Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement".
Latest text on Article 2.1c – making finance flows consistent with climate goals – has doubled in length.
Potential "options" have also expanded:
Option 1 - "no further work"
Option 2 - "further work", maybe including:
💰 "voluntarily communicating" 2.1c progress
💰 More dialogue
💰 New "platform"
Potential "options" have also expanded:
Option 1 - "no further work"
Option 2 - "further work", maybe including:
💰 "voluntarily communicating" 2.1c progress
💰 More dialogue
💰 New "platform"
November 18, 2025 at 1:48 PM
Latest text on Article 2.1c – making finance flows consistent with climate goals – has doubled in length.
Potential "options" have also expanded:
Option 1 - "no further work"
Option 2 - "further work", maybe including:
💰 "voluntarily communicating" 2.1c progress
💰 More dialogue
💰 New "platform"
Potential "options" have also expanded:
Option 1 - "no further work"
Option 2 - "further work", maybe including:
💰 "voluntarily communicating" 2.1c progress
💰 More dialogue
💰 New "platform"
The Baku to Belem roadmap laid out various potential actions to drive climate finance up to $1.3tn a year by 2035.
There is also text about "urgently taking forward" such actions while also emphasising the "urgent need" for the $300bn target to be met – mainly by developed countries.
There is also text about "urgently taking forward" such actions while also emphasising the "urgent need" for the $300bn target to be met – mainly by developed countries.
November 18, 2025 at 12:41 PM
The Baku to Belem roadmap laid out various potential actions to drive climate finance up to $1.3tn a year by 2035.
There is also text about "urgently taking forward" such actions while also emphasising the "urgent need" for the $300bn target to be met – mainly by developed countries.
There is also text about "urgently taking forward" such actions while also emphasising the "urgent need" for the $300bn target to be met – mainly by developed countries.