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He passed away on February 1974. His legacy lives on today in every boson, every application of Bose–Einstein statistics and every laboratory studying quantum matter. His work remains a cornerstone of modern physics.

From 1958 until his death, he held the position of National Professor, mentoring young researchers and engaging in a variety of scientific and cultural activities.

In 1956, he became Vice-Chancellor of Visva-Bharati University, where he attempted to introduce advanced science programmes inspired by his close connection to Rabindranath Tagore. However, facing resistance, he soon returned to Calcutta.

He served as President of the Indian Physical Society and General President of the Indian Science Congress, later becoming a Member of the Rajya Sabha.

Bose made a significant contribution to science education in India. He founded the Bangiya Bijnan Parishad to promote scientific learning in the Bengali language, gave popular lectures and helped to develop research infrastructure in the fields of physics and chemistry.

In 1945, he returned to Calcutta University to take up the Khaira Professorship. This marked the beginning of a new phase in his career, during which he collaborated widely and turned his attention to Einstein’s unified field theory.

During this period, he worked on a variety of topics, including: D₂-statistics, Lorentz group transformations, radio-wave reflection in the ionosphere and solutions to the Dirac and Schrödinger equations.

Upon returning to Dhaka in 1926, Bose became Professor and Head of the Physics Department. Over the next two decades, he established laboratories, designed X-ray diffraction equipment and encouraged young researchers to specialise in crystallography, spectroscopy and chemistry.

Later, in Berlin, he met Einstein, who encouraged him to further develop the implications of his statistical theory. Instead, Bose broadened his scientific studies by attending colloquia, learning new techniques and meeting leading physicists of the era.

In 1924, he travelled to Europe and stayed in Paris, where he studied under Paul Langevin and learnt about X-ray spectroscopy at Maurice de Broglie’s laboratory. He tried to work in Marie Curie’s laboratory, but was advised to master French first.

Shortly after, Bose wrote a second paper on radiation equilibrium, which Einstein also published, albeit with critical remarks. Bose never returned to this topic again, but his initial insight had already transformed quantum mechanics.

When the temperature is extremely low, close to absolute zero, many of these particles can fall into the same quantum state. This special state of matter is known as a Bose–Einstein condensate.

Particles that follow these statistics tend to congregate in the same state. This is why laser light moves in a smooth, unified beam and why superfluid helium can flow without friction.

Einstein then applied Bose's ideas to material particles, creating the Bose–Einstein gas and predicting Bose–Einstein condensation — a new state of matter.
Bose–Einstein statistics describe one of two possible ways in which identical particles can share a set of energy levels.

After being rejected by a British journal, Bose sent the paper directly to Albert Einstein, who recognised its importance immediately. He translated it into German and published it in the journal Physikalische Zeitschrift.

This resulted in a brief paper published in 1924, which offered the first logically consistent derivation of blackbody radiation based on what would become known as Bose statistics.