Longer time series for perspective.

We compare the time series for expected returns from our finance model with a series for realized returns to capital estimated from our macro model (given time series for taxes, depreciation, labor’s share of value-added etc). The two track closely. 7/

Why do we find this? Part of the explanation is that our macro-model consistent firm income measure — free cash flow — looks quite different to dividends paid. At low frequency, valuations and free cash flow clearly co-move, pointing to a link between the two.6/

The paper’s first result is that our estimated asset pricing model interprets fluctuations in valuations quite differently. We find that fluctuations over the past 100 years mostly reflect fluctuations in long run expected free cash flow! (x in the plot below) 5/

Valuations are volatile, while the aggregate capital stock is smooth. That poses a challenge to reconciling macro and finance. 3/

Relatedly:

This is a late reply, but Coglianese 2018 might be useful. This is one plot from his paper.