Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Published online: 30 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s43017-025-00715-5Ocean stratification — density-related layering of seawater — influences oceanographic and climatic processes. This Review outlines observed and projected changes in stratification, noting a 0.8% dec−1 increase in 0–2,000 m stratification from 1960–2024, and a further 1.4% dec−1 increase by 2100 under SSP2-4.5.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Published online: 21 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s43017-025-00724-4Rare and extreme climate events have increasingly occurred in the Arctic since ~2000. This Review outlines the observed and projected changes in atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric extremes and explains their increasing occurrence through a ‘pushing and triggering’ framework.

A less ice-covered Arctic shifts dense water formation northward, strengthening the Arctic Ocean overturning circulation.

Drought, fires, and human activities have reversed the accumulation of live biomass carbon in the Northern Hemisphere, with total biomass shifting from a positive to a negative trend around 2016.

Abstract. As the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth, the ocean is a cornerstone of the global carbon cycle, playing a pivotal role in modulating ocean health and regulating climate. Understandin...

Nature - Warming temperatures and interactions between plants are the main drivers of changes in Arctic plant communities in response to climate change, and there is no evidence of overall biotic...

Communications Earth & Environment - In the Arctic cryosphere, phytoplankton communities changed abruptly with variable sea ice cover and glacial ice loss in the last 14,000 years, according to...

Nature Communications - Climate warming causes riverine CO2 emissions increasing at 0.42 ± 0.16 Tg C yr⁻1 in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions during 2000–2020.

Offene Stellen

Job title: Postdoctoral Fellow in Marine Carbon Cycle Science (275511), Employer: University of Bergen, Deadline: Thursday, March 6, 2025

Total alkalinity (TA) is one of the measurable parameters that characterize the oceanic carbonate system. A high temporal and spatial frequency in TA data can lead to better measurements, modeling, and understanding of the carbon cycle in aquatic systems, providing insights into problems from global climate change to ecosystem functioning. However, there are very few autonomous technologies for in situ TA measurements, and none with field demonstrations below 2 m depth. To meet this need in marine observing capabilities, we present a submersible sensor for autonomous in situ TA measurements to full ocean depths. This sensor uses lab-on-a-chip technology to sample seawater and perform single-point open-cell titration with an optical measurement. It can carry multiple calibration materials on board, allowing for routine recalibration and quality checks in the field. The sensor was characterized in the laboratory and in a pressure testing facility to 600 bar (equivalent to 6 km depth) and deployed in a shallow estuary, on a lander at 120 m depth, and on an autonomous underwater vehicle. With a demonstrated precision and accuracy regularly better than 5 μmol kg–1 in field deployments, this sensor has the potential to dramatically expand our ability to perform long-term autonomous measurements of the marine carbonate system.

Vacancy at Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University

A rapidly-retreating marine-terminating glacier exported CH4 to nearshore waters N2O was undersaturated near the glacier front The regional CO2 sink greatly outweighs CH4 and N2O emissions