We envisage harnessing a multimodal AI approach is best suited to (1) assessing complex spatiotemporal biodiversity patterns, such as invasive species, migration, and niche shifts under changing climates and (2) soliciting public opinions to better include societal values in conservation decisions.

We carried out a systematic literature review focusing on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to assess social media data for biodiversity and conservation. We focused on capturing which AI approaches were used, and how studies used multiple AI methodologies for a multimodal approach.