@histodons

Over the #earlymodern period different practices to manage conflicts and guarantee peace agreements were established that Laufs and Wenzel will introduce to us. Thus, illustrating the ingenuity but also the limits of #emdiplomacy. (6/6)

#peacemaking #peace #earlymoderneurope […]

@histodons

But diplomats did not only try to settle conflicts, they tried to prevent them! Peace treaties and truces were provided with treaty sureties that aimed at safeguarding the agreements. Negotiating these sureties could be difficult and conflictual, too. (5/6)

#emdiplomacy […]

@histodons

Together Laufs and Wenzel tackle the important question of conflict management. How did #emdiplomats deal with conflicts? What practices were established?

Key to #earlymodern conflict management were mediation and arbitration as practices with a long tradition going back to the […]

@histodons

Christian Wenzel works the universities of Marburg and Duisburg-Essen. He works on #peace treaties and breaches of agreements and ideas of security.

His PhD thesis on security in the debates of the French wars of religion was recently published and is also available #openaccess! […]

@histodons

Today we want to introduce to you one of our #emdiplomacy dream teams: Markus Laufs and Christian Wenzel!

Markus Laufs currently works at the Deutsches Historisches Museum in Berlin, where he’s part of the team that reconceptualise the permanent exhibition and is responsible for the […]

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

Pühringer highlights the need for more and comparative research on #emdiplomacy’s finances which can reveal completely new connections and networks that could help to explain other ambiguities. (8/8)

#emdiplomacy #economichistory #earlymodern #history

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

Often the agreed amounts were only paid out after the mission’s completion, and the travel and subsistence expenses, which were often agreed upon separately, were carefully checked and settled, and in some cases even refused.

For many #emdiplomats […]

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

A problem, when it comes to researching the financial side of #emdiplomacy, is that the sources often are distorted as well as incomplete, because of separate budgets or because specific services were not paid for at all or in another way. Account books […]

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

Pühringer stresses that it has not only to be asked from which sources diplomatic missions were financed, but also whether one single mission was financed from different sources.

The finances of non-permanent missions consisted of two sides, that of the […]

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

The concept of finance in the early modern period is a very broad & the transition to gifts, bribery & corruption is rather fluid. So, we also recommend the article by Mark Häberlein on gift-giving. (4/8) […]

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

Surprisingly, the question of the financial side of emdiplomacy has received little attention in research apart from the trope of the poorly paid diplomat or the prince who could not send his own envoy for financial reasons. (3/8)

#emdiplomacy […]

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

It’s high time we introduce the next #handbook article and its author! Please welcome Andrea Pühringer who is a freelance historian based in Marburg. In her research, she focuses on social, cultural and economic history. Although she is not an expert on […]

What has all this to do with the Peace of Westphalia?

The peace treaties contain provisions on the restitution of war booty such as archive materials and movable property (Art. 16,15 Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis). As libraries were movable property, they therefore actually should have been […]

There are many famous examples of looted books and libraries from the Thirty Years’ War.

The Bibliotheca Palatina, for example, was located in Heidelberg until 1623 and one of the most important German Renaissance libraries. It was seized when Catholic troops conquered Electoral Palatine and […]

As war booty, libraries and books could even increase their conquerors’ social and cultural capital.

Looted libraries and books bore witness of their conquerors’ brave deeds. Additionally, they testified on the looters’ fine education which allowed them to identify valuable books and could add […]

Libraries and especially princely and religious libraries were a highly sought after war booty, not only during the Thirty Years’ War.

This was not so much due to their material value but their social and cultural capital if one uses Bourdieu’s terminology. Libraries did not solely accumulate […]