None of this work would be possible without the mentorship of @bethstevenslab.bsky.social and Evan Macosko. Or the hard work of two phenomenal RAs: @raphaelrakosi.bsky.social and Eric Garcia!

Thank you to all our collaborators and coauthors!

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Summary:
Remyelination depends on a glial-immune axis, initiated by type I interferon signaling that summons lymphocytes. Surprisingly, these cytotoxic CD8 T-cells enhance remyelination.

Full story ➡️ www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

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Critically, depleting the most abundant of these lymphocytes — CD8 T-cells — led to reduced oligodendrocyte maturation, directly linking lymphocyte infiltration to successful remyelination.

This was surprising, we expected CD8 T-cells to exert a negative effect on the brain

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What’s the function of IRG?

We demonstrate that IRG secrete CXCL10, a chemokine that recruits lymphocytes into the repairing white matter.

Without this glial-driven recruitment, lymphocyte
infiltration was impaired.

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Third, we discovered a shared interferon-response program across multiple glial types.

These interferon-responsive glia (IRG) clustered around remyelinating white matter — and their formation was dependent on type I interferon signaling.

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Second, we observed a selective infiltration of immune cells specifically during remyelination:

➡️ CD8 T-cells
➡️ Natural killer (NK) cells

These lymphocytes were specifically enriched during the repair phase, not just during damage.

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First, glial and monocyte-derived macrophage states are highly dynamic.

We found extensive transcriptional remodeling across microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells from demyelination through to repair.

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We used a focal demyelination model to study the entire process of white matter injury and repair at high spatial and molecular resolution.

Our goal: capture the real-time cellular and molecular dynamics driving remyelination.