BRT uplift (2017) reverses to citywide proximity penalties by 2021.

MRT exhibits uplift, strongest around upgraded stations.

Citywide mode shift in capitalisation from BRT to rail.

Policy: co-locate BRT-MRT, mitigate BRT penalties, time TOD and LVC.

"Imagine if people said, ‘Okay, now you can pick what time you want to arrive [at work] between 7 a.m. and 11 a.m., then based on the time you arrive, this is when you end [your work day]”
@penalosag.bsky.social

Shalaby says we can change our relationship with driving by implementing congestion charges, which are fees imposed on drivers to enter a designated area during peak hours.
@uoftcities.bsky.social