Robust brands, regulation, and busted narratives. Valuation matters.
Writing on all things finance at http://invariant.substack.com
invariant.substack.com/p/edgar-m-cu...
invariant.substack.com/p/edgar-m-cu...
invariant.substack.com/p/2026-nicot...
invariant.substack.com/p/2026-nicot...
invariant.substack.com/p/fecundity
invariant.substack.com/p/fecundity
invariant.substack.com/p/foreshocks
invariant.substack.com/p/foreshocks
invariant.substack.com/p/british-am...
invariant.substack.com/p/british-am...
invariant.substack.com/p/scandinavi...
invariant.substack.com/p/scandinavi...
invariant.substack.com/p/logista-an...
invariant.substack.com/p/logista-an...
invariant.substack.com/p/imperial-b...
invariant.substack.com/p/imperial-b...
invariant.substack.com/p/scandinavi...
invariant.substack.com/p/scandinavi...
invariant.substack.com/p/haypp-grou...
invariant.substack.com/p/haypp-grou...
invariant.substack.com/p/altria-drift
invariant.substack.com/p/altria-drift
invariant.substack.com/p/philip-mor...
invariant.substack.com/p/philip-mor...
invariant.substack.com/p/nicotine-c...
invariant.substack.com/p/nicotine-c...
invariant.substack.com/p/imperial-b...
invariant.substack.com/p/imperial-b...
invariant.substack.com/p/bubble-tro...
invariant.substack.com/p/bubble-tro...
invariant.substack.com/p/reynolds-c...
invariant.substack.com/p/reynolds-c...
invariant.substack.com/p/making-you...
invariant.substack.com/p/making-you...
invariant.substack.com/p/under-pres...
invariant.substack.com/p/under-pres...
invariant.substack.com/p/per-pouch-...
invariant.substack.com/p/per-pouch-...
invariant.substack.com/p/scandinavi...
invariant.substack.com/p/scandinavi...
invariant.substack.com/p/haypp-grou...
invariant.substack.com/p/haypp-grou...
invariant.substack.com/p/british-am...
invariant.substack.com/p/british-am...
invariant.substack.com/p/altria-lean
invariant.substack.com/p/altria-lean