Together, our findings demonstrate that men supporting women’s empowerment face heavy costs - but norms are mutable.

Policies that reduce structural barriers, address stigma around gender atypical behavior, and leverage emerging benefits can help accelerate gender-equitable change. 🎯 5/5

But there is good news, urbanization is creating novel incentives for men to increase support for women - including economic returns to women's work, and conforming to preferences of a new generation of young women... 4/5

Moreover, they face accusations about their sexual orientation (i.e. folks think they are gay) and virility, and are predicted to have unstable marriages with few children... 3/5

We find that "supportive men" risk substantial reputational damage, social exclusion and even physical violence... 2/5