Ben McWilliams
@bmcwilliams.bsky.social
Affiliate Fellow, studying issues concerning all things (European) energy, climate and clean tech at the Bruegel think tank.
📎 The case for delaying the application of the EU’s carbon border levy to electricity.
We argue that the inclusion of electricity in CBAM creates more problems than it solves; ways should be found to exempt it
@gzachmann.bsky.social and Rouven Stubbe
@bruegel.org
www.bruegel.org/analysis/cas...
We argue that the inclusion of electricity in CBAM creates more problems than it solves; ways should be found to exempt it
@gzachmann.bsky.social and Rouven Stubbe
@bruegel.org
www.bruegel.org/analysis/cas...
November 20, 2025 at 9:43 AM
📎 The case for delaying the application of the EU’s carbon border levy to electricity.
We argue that the inclusion of electricity in CBAM creates more problems than it solves; ways should be found to exempt it
@gzachmann.bsky.social and Rouven Stubbe
@bruegel.org
www.bruegel.org/analysis/cas...
We argue that the inclusion of electricity in CBAM creates more problems than it solves; ways should be found to exempt it
@gzachmann.bsky.social and Rouven Stubbe
@bruegel.org
www.bruegel.org/analysis/cas...
🆕 〽️ A dramatic drop in monthly EU clean-tech exports to the US
🤝 This drop follows the trade deal signed by the EU and US in August which increases tariffs on EU exports
Explore European trade in clean tech here - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
🤝 This drop follows the trade deal signed by the EU and US in August which increases tariffs on EU exports
Explore European trade in clean tech here - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
November 19, 2025 at 2:44 PM
🆕 〽️ A dramatic drop in monthly EU clean-tech exports to the US
🤝 This drop follows the trade deal signed by the EU and US in August which increases tariffs on EU exports
Explore European trade in clean tech here - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
🤝 This drop follows the trade deal signed by the EU and US in August which increases tariffs on EU exports
Explore European trade in clean tech here - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
🌎 From Paris to Belém .. as European leaders head to COP this week it is worth taking a step back
Europe's electricity system has transformed since 2015 with two-thirds generation now clean 👇
🚗 🏠 🏭 Electrification is the next big challenge
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
Europe's electricity system has transformed since 2015 with two-thirds generation now clean 👇
🚗 🏠 🏭 Electrification is the next big challenge
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
November 11, 2025 at 12:26 PM
🌎 From Paris to Belém .. as European leaders head to COP this week it is worth taking a step back
Europe's electricity system has transformed since 2015 with two-thirds generation now clean 👇
🚗 🏠 🏭 Electrification is the next big challenge
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
Europe's electricity system has transformed since 2015 with two-thirds generation now clean 👇
🚗 🏠 🏭 Electrification is the next big challenge
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
🇵🇱 Polish electric vehicle growth is impressive
Earlier this year, the Polish government passed a subsidy scheme of up to 40,000 zloty (€9,500 ish) for the purchase of new electric vehicles
📈 Pure BEV sales up from 2% to 10% & rapidly approaching EU average
tinyurl.com/yj4kfydu
Earlier this year, the Polish government passed a subsidy scheme of up to 40,000 zloty (€9,500 ish) for the purchase of new electric vehicles
📈 Pure BEV sales up from 2% to 10% & rapidly approaching EU average
tinyurl.com/yj4kfydu
November 6, 2025 at 9:32 AM
🇵🇱 Polish electric vehicle growth is impressive
Earlier this year, the Polish government passed a subsidy scheme of up to 40,000 zloty (€9,500 ish) for the purchase of new electric vehicles
📈 Pure BEV sales up from 2% to 10% & rapidly approaching EU average
tinyurl.com/yj4kfydu
Earlier this year, the Polish government passed a subsidy scheme of up to 40,000 zloty (€9,500 ish) for the purchase of new electric vehicles
📈 Pure BEV sales up from 2% to 10% & rapidly approaching EU average
tinyurl.com/yj4kfydu
Historically high imports of American (US) LNG imports landed in the EU during October 2025
🔢 dataset updated as always by @keliauskaite.bsky.social
www.bruegel.org/dataset/euro...
🔢 dataset updated as always by @keliauskaite.bsky.social
www.bruegel.org/dataset/euro...
November 6, 2025 at 9:20 AM
Historically high imports of American (US) LNG imports landed in the EU during October 2025
🔢 dataset updated as always by @keliauskaite.bsky.social
www.bruegel.org/dataset/euro...
🔢 dataset updated as always by @keliauskaite.bsky.social
www.bruegel.org/dataset/euro...
🆕 📆 September 2025 - EU sets new record for electric vehicle registrations
🔵 29% of newly registered vehicles were electric, previous record was 28% in August 2023
🇩🇰🇸🇪🇫🇮🇳🇱 are out in front
🇪🇸🇱🇻🇵🇱🇵🇹 are accelerating quickly
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
🔵 29% of newly registered vehicles were electric, previous record was 28% in August 2023
🇩🇰🇸🇪🇫🇮🇳🇱 are out in front
🇪🇸🇱🇻🇵🇱🇵🇹 are accelerating quickly
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
November 4, 2025 at 10:12 AM
🆕 📆 September 2025 - EU sets new record for electric vehicle registrations
🔵 29% of newly registered vehicles were electric, previous record was 28% in August 2023
🇩🇰🇸🇪🇫🇮🇳🇱 are out in front
🇪🇸🇱🇻🇵🇱🇵🇹 are accelerating quickly
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
🔵 29% of newly registered vehicles were electric, previous record was 28% in August 2023
🇩🇰🇸🇪🇫🇮🇳🇱 are out in front
🇪🇸🇱🇻🇵🇱🇵🇹 are accelerating quickly
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
Last year, the EU imported *€90 billion* in clean tech products.
This compares to exports of €83 billion, meaning the EU currently runs a modest net import position.
Data available with breakdowns per product category and trading partner 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
This compares to exports of €83 billion, meaning the EU currently runs a modest net import position.
Data available with breakdowns per product category and trading partner 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
October 28, 2025 at 1:58 PM
Last year, the EU imported *€90 billion* in clean tech products.
This compares to exports of €83 billion, meaning the EU currently runs a modest net import position.
Data available with breakdowns per product category and trading partner 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
This compares to exports of €83 billion, meaning the EU currently runs a modest net import position.
Data available with breakdowns per product category and trading partner 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
Broken down further, the fossil fuel reduction is driven almost exclusively by coal and the renewables gain almost exclusively by wind
October 27, 2025 at 1:27 PM
Broken down further, the fossil fuel reduction is driven almost exclusively by coal and the renewables gain almost exclusively by wind
🇬🇧 A decade of UK electricity transformation
📉 A 110 TWh drop in fossil fuel output (equivalent to one-third 2014 demand)
🟢 50% met by growth in renewables
🔴 50% met by reduction in electricity demand
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
📉 A 110 TWh drop in fossil fuel output (equivalent to one-third 2014 demand)
🟢 50% met by growth in renewables
🔴 50% met by reduction in electricity demand
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
October 27, 2025 at 1:27 PM
🇬🇧 A decade of UK electricity transformation
📉 A 110 TWh drop in fossil fuel output (equivalent to one-third 2014 demand)
🟢 50% met by growth in renewables
🔴 50% met by reduction in electricity demand
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
📉 A 110 TWh drop in fossil fuel output (equivalent to one-third 2014 demand)
🟢 50% met by growth in renewables
🔴 50% met by reduction in electricity demand
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
📈 In 2022, as natural gas prices soared households rushed to buy heat pumps
✅ Good news for decarbonisation & energy security
⏩ Fast forward to 2024 and sales slowed
A key metric to monitor - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/h... - ahead of ETS-2 introduction in 2027
✅ Good news for decarbonisation & energy security
⏩ Fast forward to 2024 and sales slowed
A key metric to monitor - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/h... - ahead of ETS-2 introduction in 2027
October 21, 2025 at 10:09 AM
📈 In 2022, as natural gas prices soared households rushed to buy heat pumps
✅ Good news for decarbonisation & energy security
⏩ Fast forward to 2024 and sales slowed
A key metric to monitor - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/h... - ahead of ETS-2 introduction in 2027
✅ Good news for decarbonisation & energy security
⏩ Fast forward to 2024 and sales slowed
A key metric to monitor - european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/h... - ahead of ETS-2 introduction in 2027
different sources & methodologies so hard to draw too clear comparisons, but we see battery jobs growing up to 35k in 2024
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/b...
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/b...
October 20, 2025 at 11:54 AM
different sources & methodologies so hard to draw too clear comparisons, but we see battery jobs growing up to 35k in 2024
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/b...
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/b...
🇭🇺 Hungary leads European solar deployment
In 2024, one-quarter of all electricity generation in Hungary came from solar.
⚡This has been a rapid transition. One decade ago, the solar share was 0%.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
In 2024, one-quarter of all electricity generation in Hungary came from solar.
⚡This has been a rapid transition. One decade ago, the solar share was 0%.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
October 16, 2025 at 11:54 AM
🇭🇺 Hungary leads European solar deployment
In 2024, one-quarter of all electricity generation in Hungary came from solar.
⚡This has been a rapid transition. One decade ago, the solar share was 0%.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
In 2024, one-quarter of all electricity generation in Hungary came from solar.
⚡This has been a rapid transition. One decade ago, the solar share was 0%.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
🇪🇺 Last year the EU exported *€80 billion* clean tech products.
The @bruegel.org European Clean Tech Tracker contains a dedicated trade section where you can break these flows down for yourself 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
The @bruegel.org European Clean Tech Tracker contains a dedicated trade section where you can break these flows down for yourself 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
October 14, 2025 at 10:30 AM
🇪🇺 Last year the EU exported *€80 billion* clean tech products.
The @bruegel.org European Clean Tech Tracker contains a dedicated trade section where you can break these flows down for yourself 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
The @bruegel.org European Clean Tech Tracker contains a dedicated trade section where you can break these flows down for yourself 👇
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/trade
Italian lobbying to weaken emissions regulation in the automotive sector somewhat makes sense, but with booming EV exports (€54 billion last year) and a steadily growing domestic market, I find the German position harder to understand?
October 8, 2025 at 3:05 PM
Italian lobbying to weaken emissions regulation in the automotive sector somewhat makes sense, but with booming EV exports (€54 billion last year) and a steadily growing domestic market, I find the German position harder to understand?
Electric vehicle registrations soar across Europe 🚗⚡️
🆕 EV share of car registrations is 28% in August 2025
🥈 Second highest month on record
Growth even more impressive in the UK reaching 38%.
Interactive dataset here 👉 european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
🆕 EV share of car registrations is 28% in August 2025
🥈 Second highest month on record
Growth even more impressive in the UK reaching 38%.
Interactive dataset here 👉 european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
October 7, 2025 at 11:17 AM
Electric vehicle registrations soar across Europe 🚗⚡️
🆕 EV share of car registrations is 28% in August 2025
🥈 Second highest month on record
Growth even more impressive in the UK reaching 38%.
Interactive dataset here 👉 european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
🆕 EV share of car registrations is 28% in August 2025
🥈 Second highest month on record
Growth even more impressive in the UK reaching 38%.
Interactive dataset here 👉 european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
🧑🤝🧑 Clean tech employment data are hard to estimate but crucial to understand.
Thanks to work by @prognos.com we include them in our Tracker tinyurl.com/bdm3e96n
👉 One stand-out message. The EU mid-2010s tariffs on solar panels hurt employment. Solar jobs are in installation not manufacturing.
Thanks to work by @prognos.com we include them in our Tracker tinyurl.com/bdm3e96n
👉 One stand-out message. The EU mid-2010s tariffs on solar panels hurt employment. Solar jobs are in installation not manufacturing.
October 6, 2025 at 7:38 AM
🧑🤝🧑 Clean tech employment data are hard to estimate but crucial to understand.
Thanks to work by @prognos.com we include them in our Tracker tinyurl.com/bdm3e96n
👉 One stand-out message. The EU mid-2010s tariffs on solar panels hurt employment. Solar jobs are in installation not manufacturing.
Thanks to work by @prognos.com we include them in our Tracker tinyurl.com/bdm3e96n
👉 One stand-out message. The EU mid-2010s tariffs on solar panels hurt employment. Solar jobs are in installation not manufacturing.
EU imports of Chinese electric vehicles steady after tariffs
📈 From 2019 to 23 imports grew substantially
📆 Oct-24, EU passed tariffs on 🇨🇳 produced EVs
🚫 Imports have since steadied at 1/2 billion monthly
📊 Explore @bruegel.org dataset:
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
📈 From 2019 to 23 imports grew substantially
📆 Oct-24, EU passed tariffs on 🇨🇳 produced EVs
🚫 Imports have since steadied at 1/2 billion monthly
📊 Explore @bruegel.org dataset:
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
September 24, 2025 at 12:05 PM
EU imports of Chinese electric vehicles steady after tariffs
📈 From 2019 to 23 imports grew substantially
📆 Oct-24, EU passed tariffs on 🇨🇳 produced EVs
🚫 Imports have since steadied at 1/2 billion monthly
📊 Explore @bruegel.org dataset:
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
📈 From 2019 to 23 imports grew substantially
📆 Oct-24, EU passed tariffs on 🇨🇳 produced EVs
🚫 Imports have since steadied at 1/2 billion monthly
📊 Explore @bruegel.org dataset:
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
Great example of revenue from the EU's carbon price used to stimulate transition
✈️ At €75 per tonne, the following ten airlines will receive annual subsidies of between €3 and €20 million to support the purchase of sustainable aviation fuel
💰Total subsidy package of €1.5 billion
✈️ At €75 per tonne, the following ten airlines will receive annual subsidies of between €3 and €20 million to support the purchase of sustainable aviation fuel
💰Total subsidy package of €1.5 billion
September 17, 2025 at 3:35 PM
Great example of revenue from the EU's carbon price used to stimulate transition
✈️ At €75 per tonne, the following ten airlines will receive annual subsidies of between €3 and €20 million to support the purchase of sustainable aviation fuel
💰Total subsidy package of €1.5 billion
✈️ At €75 per tonne, the following ten airlines will receive annual subsidies of between €3 and €20 million to support the purchase of sustainable aviation fuel
💰Total subsidy package of €1.5 billion
🇳🇱 A decade of Dutch electricity transformation
Today, more than 50% of the ≈ 100 TWh generated in NL comes from clean sources
💨 + 28 TWh from wind
☀️ + 22 TWh from solar
🏭 - 28 TWh from coal & gas
⚖️ Exports have grown + 19 TWh
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
Today, more than 50% of the ≈ 100 TWh generated in NL comes from clean sources
💨 + 28 TWh from wind
☀️ + 22 TWh from solar
🏭 - 28 TWh from coal & gas
⚖️ Exports have grown + 19 TWh
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
September 17, 2025 at 11:48 AM
🇳🇱 A decade of Dutch electricity transformation
Today, more than 50% of the ≈ 100 TWh generated in NL comes from clean sources
💨 + 28 TWh from wind
☀️ + 22 TWh from solar
🏭 - 28 TWh from coal & gas
⚖️ Exports have grown + 19 TWh
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
Today, more than 50% of the ≈ 100 TWh generated in NL comes from clean sources
💨 + 28 TWh from wind
☀️ + 22 TWh from solar
🏭 - 28 TWh from coal & gas
⚖️ Exports have grown + 19 TWh
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/overview/dep...
Germany stands head-and-shoulders above the rest of Europe when it comes to electric vehicle exports.
In 2024, German EV exports were over €50 billion.
Followed by
🇧🇪 Belgium at €14 billion
🇪🇸 Spain at €7 billion
🇸🇪 Sweden at €6 billion
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
In 2024, German EV exports were over €50 billion.
Followed by
🇧🇪 Belgium at €14 billion
🇪🇸 Spain at €7 billion
🇸🇪 Sweden at €6 billion
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
September 15, 2025 at 2:10 PM
Germany stands head-and-shoulders above the rest of Europe when it comes to electric vehicle exports.
In 2024, German EV exports were over €50 billion.
Followed by
🇧🇪 Belgium at €14 billion
🇪🇸 Spain at €7 billion
🇸🇪 Sweden at €6 billion
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
In 2024, German EV exports were over €50 billion.
Followed by
🇧🇪 Belgium at €14 billion
🇪🇸 Spain at €7 billion
🇸🇪 Sweden at €6 billion
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/geography
With @nieuws.nos.nl we discussed the impracticality of the €750 billion energy imports agreed between the EU and US.
This is political signalling, not something that could realistically be achieved.
nos.nl/artikel/2582...
This is political signalling, not something that could realistically be achieved.
nos.nl/artikel/2582...
September 11, 2025 at 11:05 AM
With @nieuws.nos.nl we discussed the impracticality of the €750 billion energy imports agreed between the EU and US.
This is political signalling, not something that could realistically be achieved.
nos.nl/artikel/2582...
This is political signalling, not something that could realistically be achieved.
nos.nl/artikel/2582...
German exports of electric vehicles are booming.
💰 Reaching highs > €5bln monthly
The continued political obsession over the internal combustion engine phase-out is weird.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
💰 Reaching highs > €5bln monthly
The continued political obsession over the internal combustion engine phase-out is weird.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
September 9, 2025 at 12:55 PM
German exports of electric vehicles are booming.
💰 Reaching highs > €5bln monthly
The continued political obsession over the internal combustion engine phase-out is weird.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
💰 Reaching highs > €5bln monthly
The continued political obsession over the internal combustion engine phase-out is weird.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
yes, strong growth in UK. Moving ahead of EU average from 2024 onwards
September 8, 2025 at 12:50 PM
yes, strong growth in UK. Moving ahead of EU average from 2024 onwards
🚗 Electric vehicle sales grow steadily across Europe.
In June, 26% of newly registered cars were electric (compares to 20% in Jun24).
Italy and Spain lag the average. Germany edges in front. Belgium, Netherlands and Denmark are far ahead.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
In June, 26% of newly registered cars were electric (compares to 20% in Jun24).
Italy and Spain lag the average. Germany edges in front. Belgium, Netherlands and Denmark are far ahead.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
September 8, 2025 at 9:14 AM
🚗 Electric vehicle sales grow steadily across Europe.
In June, 26% of newly registered cars were electric (compares to 20% in Jun24).
Italy and Spain lag the average. Germany edges in front. Belgium, Netherlands and Denmark are far ahead.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
In June, 26% of newly registered cars were electric (compares to 20% in Jun24).
Italy and Spain lag the average. Germany edges in front. Belgium, Netherlands and Denmark are far ahead.
european-clean-tech-tracker.bruegel.org/technology/e...
Trump's seemingly credible threat to impose tariffs on copper is causing a surge in US prices vs global benchmark
July 11, 2025 at 11:25 AM
Trump's seemingly credible threat to impose tariffs on copper is causing a surge in US prices vs global benchmark