And to my friends and family: thank you for keeping me grounded, motivated, and steady. This — quite simply — wouldn’t exist without you.

And a massive thank you to my incredible supervisors @justinparkhurst.bsky.social and Clare Wenham for their guidance and trust throughout this journey (special shoutout to @lsehealthpolicy.bsky.social and @lseglobalhealth.bsky.social for being the best academic home).

Endless thanks to my examiners Jeremy Shiffman and @benjaminmasonmeier.bsky.social for their deeply thoughtful feedback and generous engagement.

If any of this work interests you, please reach out to collaborate, as I plan to continue shaping this area of research.

I hope this research provides a useful lens for rethinking how we can govern global challenges more effectively — and how we can build more coherent, resilient, and equitable systems in the years ahead.

The future of international cooperation will depend on not just new funding or technologies, but on our ability to align priorities, reconcile tensions, and build shared legitimacy across sectors.

In a world shaped by overlapping crises — pandemics, climate instability, geopolitical conflict — this work feels especially timely and urgent.

This challenges linear models of norm evolution and offers a fresh way of understanding global cooperation in complex, multi-actor systems.

I further developed a broader theoretical approach to examining the politics of integration, showing how global health norms can by synergized through (re)framing, negotiation, and operational reform.

To make sense of this evolution, I proposed a novel concept called ‘hybrid norms’: emergent normative frameworks forged through the interaction of previously distinct agendas.

Through detailed analysis of diplomatic negotiations and institutional mandates, paired with interviews across stakeholders, I traced how these two historically fragmented agendas are increasingly interacting — often in subtle but politically significant ways.

At the heart of this research was a deceptively simple question: How are global health security (GHS) and universal health coverage (UHC) being integrated in policy and practice — and what does that reveal about the future of the global health architecture?

And a special thank you to @lsehealthpolicy.bsky.social and my incredible supervisors Dr. @justinparkhurst.bsky.social and Dr. Clare Wenham for their guidance and support throughout this process.