📖 Competition & Change, Vol. 29(3–4)
➡️ journals.sagepub.com/toc/ccha/29/...
📖 Competition & Change, Vol. 29(3–4)
➡️ journals.sagepub.com/toc/ccha/29/...
1️⃣ Southern Europe has not converged toward the EMU core. It has diverged within itself.
2️⃣ High-value added export niches exist, but remain small.
3️⃣Exports alone can't deliver sustainable growth. Without a strong boost in domestic demand, growth, employment and wages keep stagnating.
1️⃣ Southern Europe has not converged toward the EMU core. It has diverged within itself.
2️⃣ High-value added export niches exist, but remain small.
3️⃣Exports alone can't deliver sustainable growth. Without a strong boost in domestic demand, growth, employment and wages keep stagnating.
Meanwhile, Italy and Greece remain trapped in externally imposed austerity logics with weak domestic multipliers.
Meanwhile, Italy and Greece remain trapped in externally imposed austerity logics with weak domestic multipliers.
✅ Export orientation increased
❌ Structural upgrading limited
❌ Employment outcomes disappointing
Southern Europe may have moved toward a hybrid export model—but one still deeply peripheral within the EMU architecture.
✅ Export orientation increased
❌ Structural upgrading limited
❌ Employment outcomes disappointing
Southern Europe may have moved toward a hybrid export model—but one still deeply peripheral within the EMU architecture.
Employment losses during the crisis were massive.
Recovery in jobs— especially good jobs—was partial and slow. Export-related job creation didn’t offset earlier losses.
Employment losses during the crisis were massive.
Recovery in jobs— especially good jobs—was partial and slow. Export-related job creation didn’t offset earlier losses.
These sectors are still small, but growing faster than others—hints of emerging niches amid a broader low value-added landscape where tourism still plays a key role.
These sectors are still small, but growing faster than others—hints of emerging niches amid a broader low value-added landscape where tourism still plays a key role.
Manufacturing exports remain, overall, low-tech.
High value-added services are, overall, still marginal.
Greece stands out as most peripheralized; Italy retains stronger industrial capabilities.
Manufacturing exports remain, overall, low-tech.
High value-added services are, overall, still marginal.
Greece stands out as most peripheralized; Italy retains stronger industrial capabilities.
🇪🇸 🇵🇹 Stronger overall growth performance.
🇮🇹 🇬🇷 Weak, export-dependent recoveries.
🇪🇸 🇵🇹 Stronger overall growth performance.
🇮🇹 🇬🇷 Weak, export-dependent recoveries.
BUT: Only Spain and Portugal managed to also revive domestic demand (private consumption & investment) after 2014. Italy and Greece didn’t.
BUT: Only Spain and Portugal managed to also revive domestic demand (private consumption & investment) after 2014. Italy and Greece didn’t.