London, using 2001 and 2011 data, exhibits extensive clustering of ethnic groups. For most groups, areas in which they were clustered expanded, but not to the same extent as their numbers. Spatial extension of clusters directed towards suburbs where, contraction of White clusters occurred.

England’s multi-ethnic neighbourhoods are highly stable. 88% of multi-ethnic neighbourhoods in 1991 retained their status in 2001. While over 95% of 2001 remained highly diverse by 2011. (Catney, 2021).

Ethnic groups and changes categories:
2001> Mixed ethnicity categories, Asian British and Black British
2011> Chinese, Arab
2021> Roma, Black African

Studies of neighbourhood transition that focus on individuals in
neighbourhoods may be missing important processes operating household level (Catney et. al, 2023).

Trying out new toys…

The rise of non-response in surveys has led to the increase of non-probability sampling. USA case but problem is world wide.

Can you figure out if this is a date?