Houser: very high-res simulated tornado paths affected by terrain, not by land cover; adding idealized or realistic terrain results in stronger tornadoes at some point in life cycle; roughness modulates height of max winds #AMS21Meso

Berman: overshooting top area is most closely related to environmental shear (via updraft core area), while overshooting top depth is mostly determined by upper troposphere/lower stratosphere static stability #AMS21Meso

Fu: simulations addressing complications to RKW framework when low-level jets interact with cold pools; faster LLJ and lower LLJ altitude associated with stronger convective systems #AMS21Meso

Faletti: EnKF WoFS-TORUS analyses of 2022 Morton, TX tornadic supercell; accurate representation of complex supercell evolution, including cyclic low-level mesocyclones; tradeoffs for reflectivity assimilation #AMS21Meso

De Bruin: UAS + mesonet + radar analysis of supercell left flanks during TORUS. Both density current and convergent boundary structures found; vortex sheets located just behind surges and strongest at sfc; horizontal w gradients at boundaries contribute to streamwise vorticity #AMS21Meso

Davis: observed cold pool structures, including wind perturbations, vary with convective intensity/organization; cold pool motions closely correlated with predicted density current motions #AMS21Meso

Schwartz: results from medium-range MPAS convection-allowing ensembles; benefits of CAM resolution greater in weakly forced regimes (like spring 2023) vs. strongly forced (like spring 2024) #21Meso

Garcia: synoptic patterns of tor/nontor RM supercells via self-organizing maps of midlevel height fields; high-amplitude troughs = higher tornado probability, and faster jets = higher conditional % significant tornadoes #21Meso

Britt: QLCS tornado prediction in WoFS with QTor product: 0-3-km line-normal shear, 0-1-km line-parallel shear, and a factor representing local tortuosity of the QLCS #21Meso

McDaniel: applying a U-net to radar data for QLCS tornado prediction; using probability-matched means to assess input skill; evaluating single- vs. dual-pol inputs #21Meso

Brown: three-ingredients method for QLCS tornado forecasting should reduce its line-normal shear threshold and account for low-level line-parallel shear; regimes of cyclonic-only vs. mixed cyclonic/anticyclonic mesovortices by shear types #21Meso

Peters: squall lines less efficient at converting buoyancy to upward acceleration than isolated updrafts; increasing updraft tilt makes them even less efficient; peak intensity/minimum dilution when cold pool/shear balance is near 1 #21Meso

Yang: n=2 gravity waves ahead of simulated MCSs initiate new convection downstream, with feedback effect on intensity #21Meso

Wade: derecho vs. non-derecho MCS environments in the US; deeper layers of shear, like 1-9-km AGL, appear most useful #21Meso