Australasian Clinical Tuberculosis Network
@actnet.bsky.social
A collaborative network comprising clinicians and researchers passionately committed to propelling scientific, clinical, and public health research on tuberculosis in Australia and New Zealand.
Our Tuberculosis Podcast: https://www.actnet.org.au/
Our Tuberculosis Podcast: https://www.actnet.org.au/
📢 Join us on 12 Nov for the ACTnet TB Nurses SIG Webinar!
Hear from experts across Australia & the Pacific on nursing-led TB research, challenges & opportunities.
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
Hear from experts across Australia & the Pacific on nursing-led TB research, challenges & opportunities.
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
October 31, 2025 at 5:09 AM
📢 Join us on 12 Nov for the ACTnet TB Nurses SIG Webinar!
Hear from experts across Australia & the Pacific on nursing-led TB research, challenges & opportunities.
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
Hear from experts across Australia & the Pacific on nursing-led TB research, challenges & opportunities.
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
Join us on Wed 12 Nov, 2–3:30 PM AEDT (Zoom) for ACTnet’s final webinar of the year, the TB Nurses Special Interest Group Webinar.
Hear from experts on advancing nursing research in TB care across Australia & the Pacific.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
Hear from experts on advancing nursing research in TB care across Australia & the Pacific.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
October 23, 2025 at 5:48 AM
Join us on Wed 12 Nov, 2–3:30 PM AEDT (Zoom) for ACTnet’s final webinar of the year, the TB Nurses Special Interest Group Webinar.
Hear from experts on advancing nursing research in TB care across Australia & the Pacific.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
Hear from experts on advancing nursing research in TB care across Australia & the Pacific.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/5J26eFgDZL
Less than 2 weeks! Join ACTnet TB Journal Club on 5 Nov, 1 PM AEDT (Zoom) with Sarah Bernays & Duy Trinh-Hoang discussing MDR-TB care in Vietnam.
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
October 23, 2025 at 4:44 AM
Less than 2 weeks! Join ACTnet TB Journal Club on 5 Nov, 1 PM AEDT (Zoom) with Sarah Bernays & Duy Trinh-Hoang discussing MDR-TB care in Vietnam.
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
Register now to secure your spot - forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club on Wed 5 Nov, 1 PM AEDT (Zoom), with A/Prof Sarah Bernays & PhD candidate Duy Trinh-Hoang (Uni of Sydney) discussing mHealth & MDR-TB care in Vietnam.
Read: doi.org/10.1371/jour...
Register via this link: forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
Read: doi.org/10.1371/jour...
Register via this link: forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
October 15, 2025 at 3:47 AM
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club on Wed 5 Nov, 1 PM AEDT (Zoom), with A/Prof Sarah Bernays & PhD candidate Duy Trinh-Hoang (Uni of Sydney) discussing mHealth & MDR-TB care in Vietnam.
Read: doi.org/10.1371/jour...
Register via this link: forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
Read: doi.org/10.1371/jour...
Register via this link: forms.office.com/r/K2UzAaajD9
1 Week to Go! 8 Oct 2025, 1 PM AEST on Zoom
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register now at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register now at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
September 30, 2025 at 2:01 AM
1 Week to Go! 8 Oct 2025, 1 PM AEST on Zoom
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register now at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register now at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
8 Oct 2025, 1 PM AEDT on Zoom
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
September 19, 2025 at 5:56 AM
8 Oct 2025, 1 PM AEDT on Zoom
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
Join the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean (Uni of Sydney, NHMRC CRE-TB) on the CASTLE Study: chest X-ray & urine LAM for TB diagnosis in adults with HIV.
Register at forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
Join us on Wed 8 Oct, 1:00 pm AEST for the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean.
We’ll discuss the CASTLE Study on enhanced TB diagnosis using chest X-ray & urine LAM in adults with HIV.
Register: forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
We’ll discuss the CASTLE Study on enhanced TB diagnosis using chest X-ray & urine LAM in adults with HIV.
Register: forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
September 12, 2025 at 4:42 AM
Join us on Wed 8 Oct, 1:00 pm AEST for the ACTnet Asia-Pacific TB Journal Club with Dr Emily MacLean.
We’ll discuss the CASTLE Study on enhanced TB diagnosis using chest X-ray & urine LAM in adults with HIV.
Register: forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
We’ll discuss the CASTLE Study on enhanced TB diagnosis using chest X-ray & urine LAM in adults with HIV.
Register: forms.office.com/r/2X7sfs0js0
Join us tomorrow for the final day of the Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis Symposium (12 Sept) from 4:00–6:30pm AEST | 2:00–4:30pm ICT
Topics: TB & HIV, silicosis, mental health, air quality, ethics, survivorship, Indigenous health.
Join via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/87150131399
Topics: TB & HIV, silicosis, mental health, air quality, ethics, survivorship, Indigenous health.
Join via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/87150131399
September 11, 2025 at 8:01 AM
Join us tomorrow for the final day of the Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis Symposium (12 Sept) from 4:00–6:30pm AEST | 2:00–4:30pm ICT
Topics: TB & HIV, silicosis, mental health, air quality, ethics, survivorship, Indigenous health.
Join via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/87150131399
Topics: TB & HIV, silicosis, mental health, air quality, ethics, survivorship, Indigenous health.
Join via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/87150131399
Just us tomorrow for Day 2 of the Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis Symposium (11 Sept).
We’ll explore TB with diabetes, financial hardship, post-TB lung disease, CVD, youth advocacy, and climate change.
You are warmly invited to attend live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/82237153983
We’ll explore TB with diabetes, financial hardship, post-TB lung disease, CVD, youth advocacy, and climate change.
You are warmly invited to attend live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/82237153983
September 10, 2025 at 7:51 AM
Just us tomorrow for Day 2 of the Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis Symposium (11 Sept).
We’ll explore TB with diabetes, financial hardship, post-TB lung disease, CVD, youth advocacy, and climate change.
You are warmly invited to attend live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/82237153983
We’ll explore TB with diabetes, financial hardship, post-TB lung disease, CVD, youth advocacy, and climate change.
You are warmly invited to attend live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/82237153983
Join us today for Day 1 of the Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis Symposium (10 Sept, 8–10:30 CET / 16–18:30 AEST). Sessions explore TB with undernutrition, leprosy, smoking & survivorship, plus integrated care.
Live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/89353021267
Live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/89353021267
September 10, 2025 at 12:43 AM
Join us today for Day 1 of the Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis Symposium (10 Sept, 8–10:30 CET / 16–18:30 AEST). Sessions explore TB with undernutrition, leprosy, smoking & survivorship, plus integrated care.
Live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/89353021267
Live via Zoom: uni-sydney.zoom.us/j/89353021267
2 weeks to go! Join the 3-day virtual symposium - The Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis from 10–12 Sep.
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #TBResearch
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #TBResearch
August 27, 2025 at 2:02 AM
2 weeks to go! Join the 3-day virtual symposium - The Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis from 10–12 Sep.
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #TBResearch
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #TBResearch
Join us for the next ACTnet AP Regional TB Journal Club session with Prof Helen Cox, expert in TB & infectious disease.
We will discuss the topic of "Measuring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Bioaerosols in a High TB Burden Setting"
Register at: forms.office.com/r/fWQZMLCyvz
We will discuss the topic of "Measuring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Bioaerosols in a High TB Burden Setting"
Register at: forms.office.com/r/fWQZMLCyvz
August 20, 2025 at 5:41 AM
Join us for the next ACTnet AP Regional TB Journal Club session with Prof Helen Cox, expert in TB & infectious disease.
We will discuss the topic of "Measuring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Bioaerosols in a High TB Burden Setting"
Register at: forms.office.com/r/fWQZMLCyvz
We will discuss the topic of "Measuring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Bioaerosols in a High TB Burden Setting"
Register at: forms.office.com/r/fWQZMLCyvz
Join the 3-day virtual symposium - The Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis from 10–12 Sep 2025.
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what future screening and care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #GlobalHealth #TBResearch
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what future screening and care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #GlobalHealth #TBResearch
August 15, 2025 at 4:11 AM
Join the 3-day virtual symposium - The Multiple Syndemics of Tuberculosis from 10–12 Sep 2025.
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what future screening and care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #GlobalHealth #TBResearch
Explore how TB interacts with other diseases, impacts, and what future screening and care approaches are needed.
Register at: forms.office.com/r/2NenfJRJ8R
#Tuberculosis #GlobalHealth #TBResearch
Mark your calendar – Wed 13 Aug, 1PM AEST!
Join the ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Tasnim Hasan, discussing an article on the rising threat of bedaquiline-resistant TB and its impact on treatment outcomes.
Register Now! lnkd.in/gUZkkBbB
#Tuberculosis #BedaquilineResistance #GlobalHealth
Join the ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Tasnim Hasan, discussing an article on the rising threat of bedaquiline-resistant TB and its impact on treatment outcomes.
Register Now! lnkd.in/gUZkkBbB
#Tuberculosis #BedaquilineResistance #GlobalHealth
July 10, 2025 at 5:55 AM
Mark your calendar – Wed 13 Aug, 1PM AEST!
Join the ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Tasnim Hasan, discussing an article on the rising threat of bedaquiline-resistant TB and its impact on treatment outcomes.
Register Now! lnkd.in/gUZkkBbB
#Tuberculosis #BedaquilineResistance #GlobalHealth
Join the ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Tasnim Hasan, discussing an article on the rising threat of bedaquiline-resistant TB and its impact on treatment outcomes.
Register Now! lnkd.in/gUZkkBbB
#Tuberculosis #BedaquilineResistance #GlobalHealth
Join us 13 Aug, 1PM AEST for ACTnet TB Journal Club featuring Dr Tasnim Hasan, infectious diseases physician with global & local TB experience.
We’ll discuss bedaquiline resistance and treatment outcomes for rifampicin-resistant TB.
🔗 Article: lnkd.in/gFk9A-KU
🖱️ Register: lnkd.in/gt-rmyEE
We’ll discuss bedaquiline resistance and treatment outcomes for rifampicin-resistant TB.
🔗 Article: lnkd.in/gFk9A-KU
🖱️ Register: lnkd.in/gt-rmyEE
July 4, 2025 at 6:42 AM
Join us 13 Aug, 1PM AEST for ACTnet TB Journal Club featuring Dr Tasnim Hasan, infectious diseases physician with global & local TB experience.
We’ll discuss bedaquiline resistance and treatment outcomes for rifampicin-resistant TB.
🔗 Article: lnkd.in/gFk9A-KU
🖱️ Register: lnkd.in/gt-rmyEE
We’ll discuss bedaquiline resistance and treatment outcomes for rifampicin-resistant TB.
🔗 Article: lnkd.in/gFk9A-KU
🖱️ Register: lnkd.in/gt-rmyEE
Less than 2 weeks to go! Join ACTnet’s Tough TB: A Rapid-Fire of Clinical Conundrums webinar on 2 July at 4 PM AEST.
Drs Roberts, Geake, Grey & Sawka will tackle challenging TB cases in real time.
Register: lnkd.in/gbTYMJTb
#ACTnet #TBWebinar #InfectiousDiseases #EndTB #Tuberculosis
Drs Roberts, Geake, Grey & Sawka will tackle challenging TB cases in real time.
Register: lnkd.in/gbTYMJTb
#ACTnet #TBWebinar #InfectiousDiseases #EndTB #Tuberculosis
June 19, 2025 at 6:17 AM
Less than 2 weeks to go! Join ACTnet’s Tough TB: A Rapid-Fire of Clinical Conundrums webinar on 2 July at 4 PM AEST.
Drs Roberts, Geake, Grey & Sawka will tackle challenging TB cases in real time.
Register: lnkd.in/gbTYMJTb
#ACTnet #TBWebinar #InfectiousDiseases #EndTB #Tuberculosis
Drs Roberts, Geake, Grey & Sawka will tackle challenging TB cases in real time.
Register: lnkd.in/gbTYMJTb
#ACTnet #TBWebinar #InfectiousDiseases #EndTB #Tuberculosis
ACTnet Webinar: Tough TB – A Rapid-Fire of Clinical Conundrums is coming up on Wednesday, 2 July at 4 PM AEST.
Join Dr Matthew Roberts, James Geake, Victoria Grey, and Alice Sawka as they discuss challenging TB cases.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/4K0Pau41iu
#TB #EndTB #MedicalEducation
Join Dr Matthew Roberts, James Geake, Victoria Grey, and Alice Sawka as they discuss challenging TB cases.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/4K0Pau41iu
#TB #EndTB #MedicalEducation
June 6, 2025 at 4:25 AM
ACTnet Webinar: Tough TB – A Rapid-Fire of Clinical Conundrums is coming up on Wednesday, 2 July at 4 PM AEST.
Join Dr Matthew Roberts, James Geake, Victoria Grey, and Alice Sawka as they discuss challenging TB cases.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/4K0Pau41iu
#TB #EndTB #MedicalEducation
Join Dr Matthew Roberts, James Geake, Victoria Grey, and Alice Sawka as they discuss challenging TB cases.
Register now: forms.office.com/r/4K0Pau41iu
#TB #EndTB #MedicalEducation
📢 Final call to register. Just 3 days to go!
Join us for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Romain Ragonnet on modelling TB case finding and latent infection clearance.
🗓️ Thurs 5 June, 1PM AEST
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📖 Preprint: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Join us for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Romain Ragonnet on modelling TB case finding and latent infection clearance.
🗓️ Thurs 5 June, 1PM AEST
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📖 Preprint: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
June 2, 2025 at 3:21 AM
📢 Final call to register. Just 3 days to go!
Join us for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Romain Ragonnet on modelling TB case finding and latent infection clearance.
🗓️ Thurs 5 June, 1PM AEST
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📖 Preprint: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Join us for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr Romain Ragonnet on modelling TB case finding and latent infection clearance.
🗓️ Thurs 5 June, 1PM AEST
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📖 Preprint: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Only 3 weeks to go! 5 June, 1 PM AEST!
Tune in for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr. Romain Ragonnet, exploring whether TB models should account for latent infection clearance—and the impact on case-finding strategies.
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📄 Read the preprint at: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Tune in for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr. Romain Ragonnet, exploring whether TB models should account for latent infection clearance—and the impact on case-finding strategies.
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📄 Read the preprint at: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
May 15, 2025 at 2:21 AM
Only 3 weeks to go! 5 June, 1 PM AEST!
Tune in for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr. Romain Ragonnet, exploring whether TB models should account for latent infection clearance—and the impact on case-finding strategies.
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📄 Read the preprint at: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Tune in for the next ACTnet TB Journal Club with Dr. Romain Ragonnet, exploring whether TB models should account for latent infection clearance—and the impact on case-finding strategies.
🔗 Register: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
📄 Read the preprint at: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Don’t miss the next ACTnet TB Journal Club on 5 June, 1PM AEST! Dr Ragonnet will discuss whether TB models should account for latent infection clearance—& what that means for case-finding strategies.
Register at: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
Pre-print: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Register at: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
Pre-print: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
May 9, 2025 at 6:07 AM
Don’t miss the next ACTnet TB Journal Club on 5 June, 1PM AEST! Dr Ragonnet will discuss whether TB models should account for latent infection clearance—& what that means for case-finding strategies.
Register at: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
Pre-print: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Register at: lnkd.in/gZ2ttmpt
Pre-print: lnkd.in/guQtzbwC
Submissions are now open for Abstracts, Symposia, Satellite Sessions, and Post-Graduate Courses and Workshops for the Union World Conference on Lung Health 2025. For more details and to submit, visit theunion.org
February 27, 2025 at 3:48 AM
Submissions are now open for Abstracts, Symposia, Satellite Sessions, and Post-Graduate Courses and Workshops for the Union World Conference on Lung Health 2025. For more details and to submit, visit theunion.org
A recent publication in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, examines a 10-year tuberculosis outbreak within an extended Samoan family in Western Sydney, Australia.
doi.org/10.1093/infd...
doi.org/10.1093/infd...
January 24, 2025 at 12:27 AM
A recent publication in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, examines a 10-year tuberculosis outbreak within an extended Samoan family in Western Sydney, Australia.
doi.org/10.1093/infd...
doi.org/10.1093/infd...
The landmark VQUIN trial, recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, demonstrates that levofloxacin is safe for preventing multidrug-resistant TB. Notably, the risk of developing TB was reduced by 60% at 54 weeks, as shown in a pre-specified meta-analysis with the TB CHAMP Trial.
January 16, 2025 at 12:31 AM
The landmark VQUIN trial, recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, demonstrates that levofloxacin is safe for preventing multidrug-resistant TB. Notably, the risk of developing TB was reduced by 60% at 54 weeks, as shown in a pre-specified meta-analysis with the TB CHAMP Trial.
ACTnet TBPod: Fighting Childhood Tuberculosis: Expert Advice from Dr Graeme Hoddinott
In this episode, we explore ground-breaking research on the preferences of children and adolescents in tuberculosis (TB) treatment and management, revealing surprising insights.
In this episode, we explore ground-breaking research on the preferences of children and adolescents in tuberculosis (TB) treatment and management, revealing surprising insights.
January 12, 2025 at 10:48 PM
ACTnet TBPod: Fighting Childhood Tuberculosis: Expert Advice from Dr Graeme Hoddinott
In this episode, we explore ground-breaking research on the preferences of children and adolescents in tuberculosis (TB) treatment and management, revealing surprising insights.
In this episode, we explore ground-breaking research on the preferences of children and adolescents in tuberculosis (TB) treatment and management, revealing surprising insights.
Repurposing Beta-Lactams for TB Treatment?
Another fantastic paper from an Australian research team published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology explored the potential of beta-lactams, traditionally underutilized in TB treatment, combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors to enhance efficacy.
Another fantastic paper from an Australian research team published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology explored the potential of beta-lactams, traditionally underutilized in TB treatment, combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors to enhance efficacy.
December 17, 2024 at 5:59 AM
Repurposing Beta-Lactams for TB Treatment?
Another fantastic paper from an Australian research team published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology explored the potential of beta-lactams, traditionally underutilized in TB treatment, combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors to enhance efficacy.
Another fantastic paper from an Australian research team published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology explored the potential of beta-lactams, traditionally underutilized in TB treatment, combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors to enhance efficacy.