The US now has almost 1,800 measles cases.

Author summary Rotavirus A (RVA) remains a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in animals, including pigs, especially when co-infections with enteric bacteria occur, leading to diarrhea, dehydration...

The family Mamonoviridae consists of only one genus, including three species: Medusavirus medusae, Medusavirus sthenus, and the recently described medusavirus euryale. These three medusaviruses have been reported to infect Acanthamoeba castellanii. Meanwhile, clandestinovirus, a closely related species in the family Mamonoviridae, infects vermamoeba. In these viruses, genome replication takes place in the nucleus of the host cell, and like eukaryotes, the genome encodes a full set of histones and has numerous spikes on the capsid surface. Here, we report a new member of this unique virus group, ushikuvirus, which displays distinct features including cytopathic effects in vermamoeba cells. These findings improve our understanding of the biological significance of the family Mamonoviridae and closely related taxa and provide a basis for elucidating the evolutionary relationships of giant viruses with their eukaryotic hosts.

The fusion of the viral membrane and genome release are hallmark events of enveloped virus infections. However, the related dynamic mechanisms of most viruses remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that VCP directly interacts with the CSFV core protein, and the core protein undergoes proteasomal degradation mediated by the PSMD2 and PSMB2 subunits, with VCP acting as a critical mediator. Surprisingly, this degradation process is independent of ubiquitination but exhibits a strong correlation with the SUMOylation of the nucleocapsid protein. In addition, we found that CSFV genome uncoating occurred in late endosomes, a process regulated by the host VCP. Depletion of VCP prevents viral trafficking to late endosomes and thereby disrupts uncoating efficiency. This is the first evidence implicating SUMOylation in viral uncoating. Deciphering the molecular intricacies governing viral uncoating is pivotal for propelling the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics aimed at the Pestivirus genus.

DNA viruses are subject to chromatin regulation of their gene expression. Understanding how viruses overcome genome silencing or promote the expression of their genes is important to understand how vi...

The WHO says the source of the outbreak has not yet been identified.

The human herpesvirus (HHV) family comprises nine pathogenic members: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (1). HHV infections may contribute to the development of both (sub)acute and chronic neurological diseases, which result from nervous tissue damage either in the scope of lytic viral replication or from extensive virus-directed or autoreactive immune responses. An overview of the neurological complications of HHV infections is provided in Table 1.

CSFV remains a major pathogen of global concern, causing severe disease in swine and incurring substantial economic losses in the pig industry. The absence of effective antiviral agents underscores the pressing need for host-targeted therapeutic strategies. In this study, we identified Vps34-IN-1, a selective inhibitor of VPS34, as a potent suppressor of CSFV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Remarkably, Vps34-IN-1 also exhibits potent inhibitory activity against other economically important swine viruses, including BVDV, PRV, and PEDV, demonstrating its potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Knockdown experiments further validated VPS34 as an essential host factor required for CSFV propagation. Mechanistically, the viral p7 protein engages in a specific interaction with UVRAG, a pivotal constituent of the VPS34 complex II, thereby potentially augmenting VPS34-UVRAG complex assembly and facilitating autophagosome-lysosome fusion. These findings delineate VPS34 as a compelling host-oriented antiviral target and open new therapeutic avenues for the control of CSF and other economically significant swine viral diseases.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of developmental disabilities in newborns, yet the biological factors that influence transmission from mother to fetus remain unclear. In th...

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) are important pediatric pathogens and need effective vaccines. We developed live-attenuated chimeric bovine/HPIV3 (B/HPIV3) express...

Conserved CD8 T cell vaccines provide robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 that is enhanced by intranasal boosting.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy may result in maternal and fetal complications. Here, the authors analyze 18 fetuses following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify distribution in fet...

Influenza B/Yamagata lineage has rarely been detected since COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions were introduced, while transmission of other influenza lineages resumed. Here, the authors investi...

In international developments, Israel has now confirmed 10 measles deaths in children this year.