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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1h

3. Рашид ад-Дин. Сборник летописей / Верховский, Юрий П. (пер.); Петрушевский, Илья П. (ред.). Москва; Ленинград: Издательство Академии наук СССР, 1960. Том II, p. 92.

Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1h

2. I wonder whether this confusion of the names Qaidu and Baidu should be attributed to a translator’s error or to a reading in the Tashkent manuscript?

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1h

1. The Soviet translation of that part of the “Jami‘ al-tawarikh” which describes the history of the ulus of Chaghatai asserts that Geikhatu was killed by the amirs while he was at odds with Qaidu, and that Qaidu was then killed by Ghazan.

#mongolsky
#tengri

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

5. cut off his ear and brought it to the mentioned drunkards.”
Assisi, Fondo Antico presso la Biblioteca del Sacro Convento, ms. 329, fol. 157vb, 7.
www.internetculturale.it/jmms/iccuvie...

Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

4. And there gathered various people to drink it. One vagabond who was present there told them: ‘What will you give me if I cut off the ear of this pig and bring it to you?’. They answered: ‘We’ll give you as much mead to drink as you want’. And he approached friar István,

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

3. quantum volueris, de medone’. Et ille, accedens ad fratrem Stephanum, ei auriculam amputavit et dictis potatoribus aportavit
= Meanwhile, there was a certain inn nearby where a certain drink was made and sold, prepared from water and honey, which they call mead.

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

2. ubi fiebat et vendebatur quoddam poculum, ex aqua et melle confectum, quod medonem vocant, et essent ibi ad bibendum diversi congregati, dixit unus trutannus, qui erat ibi presens: ‘Quid michi dabitis, si ego aurem amputo illi porco et vobis hic aporto?’. Responderunt: ‘Dabimus tibi bibere,

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

1. An interesting detail from the daily life of Sarai in the description of the martyrdom of the franciscan István of Várad on April 23, 1334, which is contained in the “Chronicle of the 24 General Ministers of the Minorite Order.”

#mongolsky
#tengri

“Dum vero esset prope quoddam hospitium,

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

13. Both sources are not suitable for proof and do not resemble Zhao Hong’s assertion that Muqali and his subordinates called themselves Tatars and were unsure either that they were Mongols or what this name meant.

Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

12. Batu could have said that prince Danylo Romanovych was the same as him, a Mongol or a Tatar. In both cases, the chronicle would have used the word “Tatar.”

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

11. our drink, mare’s kumiss?’ He said: ‘I have not drunk it until now. Now you command – I drink.’ He (Batu) said: ‘You are already ours, a Tatar. Drink our drink!’”
Санкт-Петербург, Библиотека Российской академии наук, НИОР 16.4.4, fol. 271rb, 2.
kp.rusneb.ru/attachments/...

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

10. Пьеши ли черное молоко, наше питье, кобылии кумузъ?’ Оному же рекшу: ‘Доселе есмь не пилъ. Ныне же ты велишь – пью’. Он же рче: ‘Ты уже нашь же тотаринъ. Пии наше питье’
= He (Batu) said: ‘Danylo! Why haven’t you come for so long? But since you have come now, it is good. Do you drink black milk,

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

9. and their subordinates were called Mongols or Tatars.
Julian’s letter cannot be proof of either one or the other, just as this passage from the “Halych-Volynian Chronicle” cannot:

“Рекшу ему: ‘Данило, чему еси давно не пришелъ? А ныне оже еси пришел – а то добро же.

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

8. just like John of Plano Carpini and Simon of Saint-Quentin, who stated in a couple of places that the Mongols were called Mongols, but continued to call them Tartars.

That is, Julian’s Rus’ informants would have called the Mongols Tatars regardless of whether they

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

7. in the spring or June of 1235 and in Vladimir in the fall of 1237. He had no contact with the Mongols and his 1238 letter contains what he learned from his Rus’ informants.

In turn, the Rus’ called the Mongols Tatars before and after this,

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

6. Since this statement has found some resonance later, I decided to make a couple of comments.

First of all, it should be clarified that Julian saw the Mongols twice: during the arrival of their embassy to the eastern Hungarians somewhere in modern Bashkortostan or the Samara region

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

5. Stephen Pow referred to this passage in the 1238 letter from friar Julian as evidence that the Mongols required subject peoples to call themselves Tatars and, accordingly, preferred to call themselves Tatars at that time.

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

4. assigning to each of them ten or more women. And they command them henceforth to be called Tartars.”
(Innsbruck, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol, cod. 187, fol. 3r, 32).
diglib.uibk.ac.at/ulbtirolhds/...

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

3. But other farmers, less suited for war, they leave behind to cultivate the fields, and they divide the wives, daughters, and female relatives of everyone – both those forced into war and those who have been killed – among the men who are left behind to cultivate the fields,

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

2. filias et cognatas dividunt ad singulos viros, terre cultui relictos, cuilibet decem vel plures assignantes, et imponunt eisdem, ut de cetero Tartari nuncupentur
= Moreover, soldiers and strong farmers they drive in front of themselves, armed for battle against their will.

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 1d

1. #mongolsky
#tengri

“Milites autem fortes et rusticos ad prelium ante se mittunt armatos, /fol. 3v/ ad preliandum sine sponte. Alios vero rusticos, ad preliandum minus aptos, relinqunt ad colendum terram. Et omnium tam ad prelium compulsorum, quam occisorum uxores,

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 3d

4. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 5842, fol. 144r [02.fs.0000], 20.
digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat...

Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, lat. 5874, fol. 119r, 2.
gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b...

DigiVatLib

digi.vatlib.it

Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 3d

3. Other manuscripts:

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 2008, fol. 154r, 17.
digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat...

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 5286, fol. 130r, 9.
digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat...

DigiVatLib

digi.vatlib.it

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 3d

2. = The Tartars who advanced from there captured the kingdom of Rus’, the land of Gazaria (Crimea) and the kingdom of Bulgaria.”
Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 5282, fol. 78r, 4.
digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat...

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Roman Hautala @romanhautala.bsky.social · 3d

1. Here is the passage (or rather, borrowing from Hayton’s text) about the Mongol conquest of Bulgaria in Andrea Dandolo’s chronicle, to which I referred a few days ago.

#mongolsky
#tengri

“Inde Tartari procedentes, Rusie regnum occupaverunt, terram Gazarie et regnum Bulgarie

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