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TL;DR: When attackers probe government systems, they often begin not with stolen credentials or phishing emails but with aging routers and firewalls left running long past their expiration dates. Those neglected edge devices have become a top federal concern, and US agencies are now being told to remove them before attackers take advantage. CISA has ordered all civilian federal agencies to identify and remove "end-of-support" hardware and software that vendors no longer patch or maintain. The new directive, known as Binding Operational Directive 26-02, is part of an aggressive overhaul aimed at closing one of the most persistent security gaps in federal IT: obsolete edge infrastructure. Issued in coordination with the Office of Management and Budget, the order sets strict deadlines for the discovery, remediation, and retirement of aging devices on the perimeters of federal networks. These include routers, VPN gateways, firewalls, and switches – systems that regulate incoming and outgoing traffic but can also serve as quiet launchpads for cyber intrusions when left unpatched. Under the directive, agencies must immediately update any still-supported devices and replace unsupported ones within 12 months. Within three months, every agency must produce an inventory cataloging all edge equipment and identifying which devices have passed their vendor support dates. Over the following year, affected agencies must decommission end-of-service gear while planning replacements before the next wave of systems reaches expiration. Within 18 months, every unsupported device must be purged from government networks. The rule also requires agencies to put continuous tracking in place, ensuring outdated devices aren't quietly reintroduced after the initial cleanup. CISA's acting director, Madhu Gottumukkala, framed the move as both overdue and essential. The agency has observed for years how attackers exploit unsupported devices to breach networks that otherwise have modern endpoint controls in place. CISA's Executive Assistant Director for Cybersecurity, Nick Andersen, said state-backed and financially motivated actors alike have increasingly targeted these devices, taking advantage of firmware flaws that remain unpatched once vendor support ends. Once exploited, attackers can move laterally, steal data, or disrupt mission-critical operations. CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog has documented several cases of discontinued network gear being used as attack vectors, including a bug tied to unsupported D-Link routers last December. The agency also cited a 2025 campaign attributed to Chinese state-linked actors that leveraged aging network equipment in espionage operations. While the directive is mandatory for federal civilian agencies, it doesn't carry direct financial or legal penalties for noncompliance. Instead, CISA and the Office of Management and Budget will track progress and publicly report performance. In practice, agencies tend to treat Binding Operational Directives as high-priority mandates given their security implications. To support implementation, CISA has developed an internal "End-of-Support Edge Device List" cataloging models commonly deployed in federal environments that are approaching or past their vendor-supported lifespans. The list won't be released to the public, as it could expose potential targets if mishandled. Agencies outside the federal executive branch – including state, local, and private entities – are encouraged to consult vendors directly about their own device support cycles.

CISA has ordered all civilian federal agencies to identify and remove "end-of-support" hardware and software that vendors no longer patch or maintain. The new directive, known as Binding Operational Directive 26-02, is part of an aggressive overhaul aimed at closing one of the most persistent security gaps in federal IT:... Read Entire Article

What just happened? When engineers talk about soft robots, precision is usually the missing piece. The challenge has never been in making flexible machines – it's been in making them behave predictably. Now, a team at Harvard says it has solved that problem with a 3D printing technique that encodes movement directly into the material itself. The method, described in Advanced Materials, replaces the slow, multi-step molding and casting process that traditionally defines soft robotics. Researchers have figured out how to 3D-print structures that twist, curl, or bend exactly as programmed, just by pumping air into their built-in channels. The work originates from the lab of Jennifer Lewis, a pioneer in multimaterial printing. Graduate student Jackson Wilt and former postdoctoral researcher Natalie Larson integrated several of the lab's existing methods into what they call rotational multimaterial 3D printing, a process that allows multiple materials to flow through a single rotating nozzle. By continuously spinning this nozzle during printing, the team can determine where each material ends up inside the printed filament – like drawing a helix within a tube. The outer layer, made of a tough polyurethane, forms a durable shell. Inside sits a gel-like polymer called a poloxamer, familiar from hair care products, which temporarily fills the space where the pneumatic channels will later exist. After the print solidifies, the inner gel is simply washed away, leaving behind meticulously shaped, hollow pathways. Those channels act as programmable muscles. When pressurized, air or fluid moves through them, forcing the structure to bend, twist, or stretch in predetermined ways. Each filament can contain different orientations or geometries, effectively embedding motion logic inside the material. "We use two materials from a single outlet, which can be rotated to program the direction the robot bends when inflated," Wilt said. The simplicity of this approach reshapes how soft robots are designed. Instead of fabricating parts separately – casting layers, attaching membranes, and sealing components – the printer renders an entire actuator in one step. The process requires no hardware rebuild; it's just a matter of adjusting the printing parameters. Complex devices that once took days to assemble can now be redesigned in hours. To show what this means in practice, the researchers printed two concept pieces: a spiral actuator that unfurls like a flower when inflated, and a gripper with articulated fingers that curl around an object. Both were made in continuous 3D-printed paths. The implications extend beyond industrial robotics. Such programmable softness could enable surgical tools that adapt to tissue, wearable assistive devices that conform to the human body, or manufacturing grippers able to handle fragile components. Larson, who has since joined Stanford University as a faculty member, sees this as a conceptual shift for the field. Instead of treating motion as something added to a robot later, she and Wilt argue that the function can now be printed in. The approach effectively makes geometry the code, granting designers direct control over how a soft structure will perform once inflated.

The method, described in Advanced Materials, replaces the slow, multi-step molding and casting process that traditionally defines soft robotics. Researchers have figured out how to 3D-print structures that twist, curl, or bend exactly as programmed, just by pumping air into their built-in channels. Read Entire Article