Cognitive impairment due to vascular pathology was recognized by Otto Binswanger in 1894, before Alois Alzheimer presented his findings in 1907. Vascular causes of cognitive impairment are likely due to a range of pathologies that are still, a hundred years later, unknown. Recent epidemiological evidence from post-mortem human brains report cases may be afflicted by Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease or both. Although it is well-known that hypertension and diabetes affect vasculature throu...