Prof. Simon Carn
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simoncarn.bsky.social
Prof. Simon Carn
@simoncarn.bsky.social
Volcanologist @michigantech.bsky.social. Satellite-powered analysis of global #volcanic activity. #GreatLakes silent sports 🏃🏻‍♂️🚵🏻‍♂️⛷. Often buried in snow. 🇬🇧/🇺🇸
As of November 26, the SO₂ emitted by #HayliGubbi on Nov 23 has been sheared out into a near-continuous plume extending from East Africa to the central Pacific. SO₂ data from #NOAA-20 OMPS.
November 26, 2025 at 7:57 PM
Pre- and post-eruption visible imagery of #HayliGubbi from #Sentinel-2, showing tephra deposits and 2 new craters. The latter could be eruption vents and/or formed by post-eruptive subsidence. Looks like the pre-existing crater was enlarged by the eruption. @esa.int
November 25, 2025 at 3:45 PM
And the #HayliGubbi ash deposit has already been sampled to the north of the volcano by @derekkeir.bsky.social. Could provide some insight into the eruption process.
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The Hayli Gubbi tephra has been sampled. These are photos from my sampling expedition on 24 Nov with the University of Semera from around 10 km north of Hayli Gubbi @sorcerinsar.bsky.social @alarosa.bsky.social
November 25, 2025 at 2:46 AM
Some nice commentary on the #HayliGubbi #eruption here from @julietbiggs.bsky.social and others. As discussed, it's unlikely that this is actually the first eruption of the volcano in 12,000 years. The Afar region is very active but also remote and understudied.

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November 24, 2025 at 11:37 PM
Thanks Tim. @planet.com imagery from Nov 24 show some subsidence in the southern half of the Erta Ale caldera after the #HayliGubbi eruption (plus widespread ash deposits).
November 24, 2025 at 5:29 PM
New #TROPOMI data on Nov 24 show higher total SO₂ emissions from #HayliGubbi (~0.2 Tg SO₂). Measurements on Nov 23 were likely impacted by the dense volcanic ash plume. Most of the SO₂ is spreading rapidly east in the subtropical jet stream, over the Arabian Sea towards NW India and Pakistan.
November 24, 2025 at 1:53 PM
Sentinel-5P #TROPOMI measurements at ~11:00 UTC show most of the SO₂ emissions from #HayliGubbi spreading east in the upper troposphere. Plume contains ~44 kilotons of SO₂ (~0.04 Tg).
November 23, 2025 at 5:53 PM
Satellite measurements on July 18 show continued SO₂ emissions from the erupting fissure in #Iceland and dispersion of SO₂ over #Greenland and the #Arctic Ocean.
July 18, 2025 at 7:24 PM
Thanks Fred. Impressive plume but low SO₂ loading (~6 kt or 0.006 Tg); an order of magnitude lower than the June 17 eruption of #Lewotobi.
July 8, 2025 at 7:19 PM