This paper, using Canadian data, tests the permanence of this impact in preventing low-connectivity neighbourhoods from densifying. We coin the term "density-proof" to describe the role of poor local street network connectivity in new residential developments.

The enduring nature of street connectivity implies that any later modifications to other elements of urban infrastructure cannot escape the constraints imposed by the initial street connectivity.

(4/4) You can see all publications in this research program, and access our data, and our code, here:
sprawl.research.mcgill.ca/publications...

You can see our interactive (explore for some fun functions!) global map of every intersection and street segment on Earth here:
sprawlmap.org

(3/4) Unfortunately, it appears that in many places around the world, including still fast-urbanizing regions, these decisions are being made poorly, constraining future life there to non-walkable, "street-network-sprawl".

(2/4) Street layouts are essentially unchangeable. That's why we think street network design decisions at the time of initial residential development are one of strongest policy levers we have over future urban life -- emissions, energy use, lifestyle, community.