This is pretty much in line with what I have found for Western Europe. If anything, the newest generations (both men and women) are more progressive than earlier ones regarding immigration, same-sex marriage and gender equality.

See Germany, based on post-election GLES Data (2009-2025):

Glad if this helps! :)

Still, if you really wanted to focus on the support among youth, the obvious headline (and thus story) would have been:

Greens most popular party among young women.

🤬🤬🤬

This was one of the first ideas I worked on during my PhD at @politicsoxford.bsky.social. I am very grateful to @tabouchadi.bsky.social, @spyroskosmidis.bsky.social, & Jane Gingrich.

Also, great peer-review experience at JEPP ( @danjdevine.bsky.social): insightful reviewers and quick turnaround!

Progressive actors should know that:

1- Progressive voters do not fall for right-wing gender-framed anti-immigration arguments. In fact, they seem to reject them!

2- Even on the most contentious immigration issues, voters can hold positive nuances: it’s up to them to bring them to light!

7/8

🌍 - 🇳🇱 data suggest that this is because they *improve* their attitudes toward Muslims when multiculturalism gets politicised by far right parties.

For progressives, the politicisation of multiculturalism *de-activates* the "immigration - gender dilemma".

6/8

🌍 - Intuitively, we'd expect the "immigration - gender dilemma" mostly to play out among progressives.

but

In context of high salience on multiculturalism, educated left-wing voters become *less* ambivalent than their less educated peers.

5/8

How does this matter for the 🎓 academic and 🌍 "in real life" debates?

🎓 - Ambivalence affects political behaviour. At high levels of ambivalence, immigration attitudes fail to predict vote choice.

4/8

To study this type of nuances in immigration attitudes, I resort to:

1) original survey data from six European countries (🇦🇹🇨🇭🇩🇰🇩🇪🇸🇪🇪🇸)

2) additional original survey data from the 🇬🇧

3) repeated cross-sectional data from the 🇳🇱 to track attitudes toward Muslims in the last 30 years

3/8

Immigration attitudes in Europe are increasingly nuanced

I show that people can be *ambivalent toward multiculturalism*. They simultaneously have:

🟢 positive attitudes on immigrants' cultural contributions

🔴 concerns toward allegedly conservative gender norms of (Muslim) immigrants

2/8

I have the feeling that the bridge is about signalling that the govt is anti-regulation and pro-business (like, Renzi’s “il governo del fare”). I’d expect more people from Monza than from Messina to support it 😅

These age trade-offs constitute a dilemma for social democratic parties. In the short run, it is important to appeal to older voters to win elections. However, in doing this they alienate younger voters who build party attachments with more progressive parties.