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In 2022, mpox predominantly spread through sexual contact, necessitating updated prevention strategies. Here, the authors show that rectal challenge in male cynomolgus macaques with a 2022 clade IIb MPXV isolate mimics sexual transmission, and that vaccination with modified-vaccinia Ankara protects pre- but not post-exposure.

Dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax complicate malaria elimination efforts by causing relapses that obscure the efficacy of antimalarial treatments. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput amplicon sequencing assay to reconstruct P. vivax lineages, demonstrating its capacity for geospatial infection tracking, and distinguishing recurrent malaria caused by new infections versus untreated dormant liver stages.

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) haemorrhagic disease is a major threat for juvenile Asian elephants. This study reports a proof-of-concept trial that evaluates the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine against EEHV.

In this study of ~7 million Brazilian births, the authors show that chikungunya, dengue, or Zika infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, with the magnitude of these effects varying by trimester of exposure.

Dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax complicate malaria elimination efforts by causing relapses that obscure the efficacy of antimalarial treatments. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput amplicon sequencing assay to reconstruct P. vivax lineages, demonstrating its capacity for geospatial infection tracking, and distinguishing recurrent malaria caused by new infections versus untreated dormant liver stages.

Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered how a common virus linked to birth defects and chronic illness manipulates host DNA, according to a new study published in Nature Communications.

A 165 Myr record of N and Corg isotopes show that the N-cycle responds to feedbacks associated with productivity and the location of upwelling centers changing due to continental meander.

This study reveals strong soil moisture–precipitation coupling over ~16% of global land, with eight hotspots identified. The coupling is regulated by soil moisture variability, and the sensible heat–mediated pathway emerges as a crucial mechanism, depending on local climate regime.

Experiments and modelling unravel mechanisms of nitrous oxide production from nitrate, the primary nitrous oxide production pathway in oxygen minimum zones. Results highlight the critical role of microbial interactions in regulating this pathway.

The Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science is one of the world’s premier education and research institutions.

Current antimalarials often fail to target mature stage V gametocytes. To aid antimalarial drug discovery, the authors present a preclinical malaria transmission-blocking drug research platform, using engineered parasites, that facilitates the screening for gametocytocidal compounds in vitro and the evaluation of transmission-blocking drug activity in vivo.

Niclosamide has been shown to have activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, but poor bioavailability has hindered clinical development. In this clinical trial, the authors show that the niclosamide nanohybrid CP-COV03 alleviates COVID-19 symptoms and reduces viral load, offering a promising therapeutic option.

In this study of ~7 million Brazilian births, the authors show that chikungunya, dengue, or Zika infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, with the...

Here, the authors exploit the genetic information encoded in Klebsiella prophages to model the interplay between bacteria, prophages, and their depolymerases, using a directed acyclic graph-model and a sequence clustering-based model.

Dengue virus transmission by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes poses a significant public health threat, necessitating innovative control strategies. Here, the authors demonstrate that, while successive blood feeding increases earlier dengue virus dissemination, the inhibitory effects of Wolbachia remain strong, highlighting Wolbachia’s potential to disrupt dengue transmission under natural feeding conditions.

This study used multiplex serology to monitor multiple diseases simultaneously from a single serosurvey. Seroprevalence estimates were performed for five disease categories in Zambezia Province, Mozambique.